ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT

(MMS 4001)

(GROUP 15)

TITLE: SURFACE WATER (WATER BALANCE)

Matric No. Group Members Course
UK24860 NUR HAMIZAH BINTI NOR HASAN SARJANA MUDA SAINS GUNAAN (PERIKANAN)
UK25324 MUHAMMAD YUSRI BIN CHE SAAD SARJANA MUDA SAINS (BIOLOGI MARIN)
UK25594 MUHAMMAD AIDID BIN AZIZ SARJANA MUDA SAINS (SAINS SAMUDERA)
UK26063 SURANI BIN MOHD SAID SARJANA MUDA SAINS GUNAAN (PERIKANAN)
UK26870 SHAHRUL AMIRUL BIN MUDA SARJANA MUDA SAINS GUNAAN (PERIKANAN)
SURFACE WATER:
WATER BALANCE
EKRAN BERHAD: BAKUN DAM , NANGA MERIT
SARAWAK
INTRODUCTION
Bakun dam is located in sarawak on the balui river about 60 kilometers of
belaga.
Estimated to generate 2,400 megawatts (mw) of electricity.
The height is 205 m , length 750 m.
The reservoir has total capacity of 43,800,000,000 m3 catchment area
14,750 km2 surface area of 695 km2 .

DEFINITION OF WATER BALANCE
Water balance can be used to describe the flow of water in and out of a
system.




LOCATION OF PROPOSED PROJECT
024523N
1140347E
THE NEED OF THE PROPOSED PROJECT
1. Irrigation Purposes
With the large population expected to growth for the next decade, irrigation must be
enlarged to increase the food capacity production.
2. Hydropower To Generate Electricity
Usually in rural area, it is hard to get electricity thus with this proposed project, the
electricity may be overcome.
3. Flood Management
The dam will be operated by a specific water control plan for routing floods throughout
the machine without causing damage.



IMPACT AND MITIGATION OF THE PROPOSED
PROJECT
No IMPACT MITIGATION
1 The wall of dams are obviously
blocked the movement of fish
from one place to another.

Provide fish lift that enable fish swim into chambers at the
base of the dam, guided by currents, and the chambers are
mechanically lifted up and over the dam, depositing fish on
the other side.
2 Affect the life cycle of fish
migration upstream or
downstream.

Provide fish ladder that consist a series of gradually
inclining steps with resting pools located at regular intervals.
These provide the fish with a means for active migration that
simulates natural river conditions.

3 Led to extinction of many fish
and other aquatic species
Identification of potential endangered aquatic species and
compensate the individuals to nearby habitat.
BIOLOGICAL IMPACTS
PHYSICAL IMPACTS
No IMPACT MITIGATION
1
Loss of energy from slow
moving water affect the
sediment flow causes more
sediment traps and settle
behind the dam.
Systematic water drainage system can
be created to reduce the direct flow of
soil into the river.

2
Transformation upstream of
the dam from a free moving
river ecosystem to an
artificial slack water
reservoir habitat. Eg. affect
the water temperature.

The dam will be operated by a specific
water control plan to ensure there is daily
water release from the dam thus make
the water flow more efficient in the area.
CHEMICAL IMPACTS
No IMPACT MITIGATION


1

Discharge highly
contaminated.
Increase acidity of water.
Decrease DO level.
High level of ammonia
compared to natural river
flow.


Monitoring of later quality level by
reservoir modelling. This modelling
conduct as one dimensional model by
using monthly inflow data. Therefore, it
will show increase variability in water
quality parameters.

Conduct regular sampling for
suspended solid at the sediment basin.
CONCLUSION
Through the concept of water balance the impacts and
the mitigation procedures can be determined. Thus this
may ensure the consideration of environmental aspect
in the project development.
THANK YOU


Q&A
REFERENCES
XU, C.-Y.; V.P. SINGH (1998). "A REVIEW ON MONTHLY WATER BALANCE MODELS FOR
WATER RESOURCES INVESTIGATIONS". WATER RESOURCES MANAGEMENT 12 (1):
3150

SUSTAINABLE TECHNOLOGIES EVALUATION PROGRAM | WATER BALANCE
GUIDELINES FOR THE PROTECTION OF NATURAL FEATURES. RETRIEVED MAY 15,
2014, FROM HTTP://SUSTAINABLETECHNOLOGIES.CA/WP/CLEAN-
WATER/STORMWATER-MANAGEMENT/WATER-BALANCE-FOR-THE-PROTECTION-OF-
NATURAL-FEATURES/WATER-BALANCE-GUIDELINES-FOR-THE-PROTECTION-OF-
NATURAL-FEATURES/