Element Formulation
assume the displacement w is a cubic polynomial in
v(x) a1 a 2 x a 3x 2 a 4x 3
a1, a2, a3, a4 are the undetermined coefficients
L = Length
I = Moment of Inertia of
the cross sectional area
E = Modulus of Elsaticity
v = v(x) deflection of the
neutral axis
= dv/dx slope of the
elastic curve (rotation of
the section
F = F(x) = shear force
M= M(x) = Bending
moment about Z-axis
qj
qi
q(x)
qj
vi
qi
Fi, vi
v(x)
x
Fj,vj
vj
Mj,qj
x
Mi,qi
j
L, EI
a1
a1
a
a
2
3 2
2 2
v(x) 1 x x x ; (x) 0 1 2x 3x
a 3
a 3
a 4
a 4
x 0, v(0) v1;
x L, v(L) v 2 ;
v i 1
0
i
v
j 1
j 0
dv
dx
1
x 0
dv
dx
2
xL
0 0 0 a1
1 0 0 a 2
L L2 L3 a 3
1 2L 3L2 a 4
Substituting
a1
a
2
3 2
v(x) 1 x x x
a 3
a 4
3x 2 2x 3
2x 2 x 3
v(x) (1 2 3 )v1 (x
2 )1
L
L
L
L
3x 2 2x 3
x2 x3
( 2 3 )v 2 ( 2 )2
L
L
L L
dN1
(x=0) = 0
dx
v1
L
L2
N1(x=L) =1
N1=1
dN1
(x=L) = 0
dx
N2=1
Hence
du
d 2 v d 2 [N]
y 2
{d} y[B]{d}
2
dx
dx
dx
u(x) = y
y
N
12x 6
[B] 3 2
L
L
6x 4
2
3
L L
6x 2
2
3
L h
6 12x
3
2
L
L
A
dv
dx
x
ve
ve
= y B d
U e = d B E Bd y 2dv
T
ve
dv
dx
e
b
ve
ve
e
s
= P , M , P ,....
w d P , P
e
c
e T
yi
yj
dT ( BT E B y 2dv d dT N T b dv N T p dv Pe
y
y
e
e
s
v
v
K Ue F
e
e
where
K BT D B y 2dv Element stiffness matrix
e
ve
F N T b dv N T p ds Pe Total nodal force vector
e
y
y
e
s
v
the
6L 12 6L
12
2
2
EI 6L 4L 6L 2L
3
L 12 6L 12 6L
2
2
6L 2L 6L 4L
dA
y
Fe N T p y ds
s
3x 2 2x 3
2x 2 x 3
3x 2 2x 3
x2 x3
2 ) ( 2 3 ) ( 2 )
N (1 2 3 ) (x
L
L
L
L
L
L
L L
py
L
Fe N p y ds
T
3x 2 2x 3
(1 L2 L3 )
2x 2 x 3
(x L L2 )
Fe 2
2x 3
L 3x
(
3 )
L2
L
2
3
( x x )
L L2
3wL
20
2
wL
wx
30
dx
7wL
L
20
wL2
20
vi
qi
vj
qj
+ve directions
v1
1
v2
2
v3
v3
v4
1555.6
V
-12
-18
12
-18
0
70
M 2
18 18 -18 36 0.00249 139.6
70
70
V1
46.53
12 18 -12 18 0
46.53
M
18 36 -18 18 0.00249 139.6
1
1555.6
V
-12
-18
12
-18
0.01744
46.53
M 2
139.6
18 18 -18 36 0.007475 0
70
139.6
46.53
v1
v2
v3
3
v1
v2
1
2
v2
v3
2
3
V1
12
M
6
1
V2
5 -12
8x10
M
2
6
V3
3
Boundary condition
v1 , 1 , v 2 , v 3 0
v1
-6 2
1
12+12 -6+6 -12 6 v 2
-6+6
4+4 -6 2 2
-12
-6
12 -6 v 3
6
2
-6 4 3
6 -12 6
4
-6
2
Loading Condition
M 2 1000; M 3 1000
8 2 2 1000
8x105
1000.0
2
4
3
4
2
4 -2 1000 2.679x10
1
1000.0
5
4
-2
8
28*8x10
4.464x10
3
Final member end forces
f k d {FEMS}
For element 1
V1 0
12
M 0
1
5 6
8X10
-12
V2 0
M 2 0
6
6 -12 6 0
1285.92
4 -6 2 0
428.64
-6 12 -6 0
1285.92
4
2 -6 4 2.679x10 857.28
1285.92
428.64
V1 6000
12
M 1000
5 6
8X10
V
6000
-12
2
M 2 1000
6
6856.8
6 -12 6 0
4 -6 2 2.679x104 856.96
-6 12 -6 0
51
43.2
2 -6 4 4.464x10 0
1285.92
857.28
5143.2
6856.8
856.96
20kN/m
20 KN
Guided Support
EI
EI
2m
6m
EI=2 x 10 4kN-m2
2m
v
Global coordinates
20kN/m
20 KN
Action/loads at global
coordinates
For element 1
f1
m
1 1X104
43
f 2
m 2
12 24
24 64
-12 -24
24 32
v1
-12 24 v1
-24 32 1
12 -24 v 2
-24 64 2
v 2 2
For element 2
f1
m
1 1X104
63
f 2
m 2
12
36
-12
36
v2
v1
1
v 2
72 -36 144 2
2 v 3
3
36 -12 36
144 -36 72
-36 12 -36
-1875
3750
F1 1875 3750
v1
M 3750 10000
-3750
5000
1
1
F2 -1875 -3750 1875+555.56 -3750+1666.67 -555.56 1666.67 v 2
M
3750
5000
-3750+1666.67
10000+6666.67
-1666.67
3333.33
2
2
F3
-555.56
-1666.67
555.56 -1666.67 v 3
1666.67
3333.332
-1666.67 6666.67 3
M 3
Boundary condition
v1 , 1 , v 2 , 3 0
Loading Condition
M 2 50; F3 60
16666.67 -1666.67 2 50
-1666.67 555.56 v 60
3
2
555.56 1666.67 50 0.019714
1
1666.67 16666.67 60 0.16714
v
6481481.5
3
Final member end forces
f k d {FEMS}
11/4/2014
24
For element 1
f1 10
m 10
1
1X104
3
f
10
4
2
m 2 10
12 24
24 64
-12 -24
24 32
-12 24 0
63.93
88.57
-24 32 0
12 -24 0
83.93
For element 2
f1 60
m 60
1
1X104
f
60
63
2
m 2 60
12
36
-12
36
36 -12 36 0
120
144 -36 72 0.019714 207.14
152.85
72 -36 144 0
q2
y
q5
q1
q4
q3
q6
displacement in local coordinates
AE
L
0
[k]
AE
12EI
L3
6EI
L3
6EI
L3
4EI
L3
12EI
L3
6EI
L3
6EI
L3
2EI
L3
AE
L
0
0
AE
L
0
0
0
12EI
L3
6EI
3
L
0
12EI
L3
6EI
3
L
6EI
L3
2EI
L3
6EI
3
L
4EI
L3
At node i
q1' q1 cos q 2 sin
q '2 q1 sin q 2 cos
q '3 q 3
l cos ;
m sin
and
f' [L]{f}
k LT k ' L
Grid Elements
f = GJ/l
a
a
qxi fi
JG
L
JG
L
qxj fj
JG
L q xi f i
JG q xj f j
L
GJ
L
GJ
12EI
L3
6EI
L3
6EI
L3
4EI
L3
12EI
L3
6EI
L3
6EI
L3
2EI
L3
GJ
L
0
0
GJ
L
0
0
0
12EI
L3
6EI
3
L
0
12EI
L3
6EI
3
L
6EI
L3
2EI
L3
6EI
3
L
4EI
L3
C 0 -s 0
0 1 0 0
0
-s 0 c
L
0 0 0 c
0 0 0 0
0 0 0 --s
k L k ' L
T
0
0
0
0
0 -s
1
0
0 c
0
0
q8
q2
q11
q5
q7
q1
q3
displacement in local coordinates
z
q10
q6
q4
q12
q9
if
for
to
JG JG
x
i
i
L
JG JG T
xj j
L
L
flexure
for
limitations:
for
need
simple
cantilever
beam
point
only
material
properties:
modulus of elasticity
if dynamic or thermal analysis, mass density
and thermal coefficient of expansion
physical
properties:
boundary
conditions:
Analysis Step
small
most
for
3-d
beams