Mixtures

Mixtures

Compounds

Made of elements,
compounds or both

Made of elements

No change in original
properties of the
elements

Change the original

properties of the
elements

Heat or electricity not

required for separating
the elements

Heat or electricity
required for separating
the elements

Made using any ratio of

the elements

Made using a fixed ratio

of elements

Review for
Test

Mixtures
A

mixture is a combination of two or more

substances

Heterogeneous Mixtures
The

different components can be seen as

individual substances.

Examples of Heterogeneous mixtures

Suspensions
A

mixture which has large particles which

can be seen with the eye
Can be evenly distributed by shaking the
contents, but the components will settle
out.

Homogeneous Mixtures
Have

the same composition throughout

The components cant be seen as
individual particles

Type of Homogenous Mixtures

A

solution is a mixture that appears to be

a single substance.
The components cant be seen as
individual particles

Solute/Solvent
In a solution, the
solute is the
substance that is
dissolved.(Ex:salt,
sugar)

The

solvent is the
substance in which
the solute is
dissolved in (Ex :
liquid)
Remember that
the Solvent is the
Vast or larger
substance think of
the V in solvent

Example of Homogeneous Mixtures

Liquid

solutions include- Soda, Gasoline,

Tap water. Solutions may also be gases
such as air.
Solutions may also be solids, such as steel.

Colloids
Is

a mixture in which the particles are

spread throughout but are not large
enough to settle out

Other food colloids include:

milk liquid-liquid (milk fat spread

through water from the milk)

mayonnaise liquid-liquid (oil spread

through water from the vinegar)

butter liquid-liquid (water from the milk

spread through milk fat)

whipped cream gas-liquid (air spread

throughout milk fat)

Methods of Separation of
Mixture
Filtering

Evaporation
Distillation
Dissolving

Soluble and Insoluble

Insoluble: The inability of
a substance to dissolve in
another substance (Ex:
Pepper, Sand)

Soluble :the ability of

one substance to
dissolve within
another substance.
Ex: Salt , Sugar

Mass, Volume
and Density
Notes

Mass
Mass

is the amount of matter that makes up an

object.
A golf ball and a ping pong ball are the same size,
but the golf ball has a lot more matter in it. So the
golf ball will have more mass.
The SI unit for mass is the gram.
A paper clip has a mass of about one gram.
The mass of an object will not change unless we
add or subtract matter from it.
We measure mass with a scale

Volume
Volume

is the amount of space

an object consumes.
The base unit for volume is the
liter.
There are two methods for
finding volume.

Volume of Regular Objects

can find the volume of box shapes with
the formula Volume = length x width x
height.
In this case the units would be cubic
centimeters (cm3).
So a box 2 cm x 3 cm x 5cm would have a
volume of 30 cm3
5 cm

We

3 cm

Volume of Irregular Objects

We measure volume of
irregular objects with a
graduated cylinder.
This method is called water
displacement
Liquids form a curved surface
in graduated cylinders.
Take your reading at the low
point of the curve or
meniscus

Water Displacement
Pour

7 ml of water in a
graduated cylinder. If a
rock causes the level to
rise to 9 ml, the rock
must have a volume of 2
ml.

Density
Density

is the amount of matter (mass) compared

to the amount of space (volume) the object
occupies.
Density = mass/volume
Remember, all fractions are division problems.
Since the unit for mass is grams, and the unit for
volume is ml or cm3, then the unit for density is
g/ml, or g/ cm3