Chapter 3
Chapter 3
Introduction
attention
top-down and bottom-up processing
attention and visual phenomena
Chapter 3
Simulated-driving studies
Levy and coauthors (2006)
braking & tone
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http://www.psych.utah.edu/lab/appliedcog
nition/news.html
Driving + Phone Conversation
Driving + Passenger Conversation
Driving + Text Messaging
Chapter 3
Dichotic Listening
one message presented to left ear and a different
message presented to right ear
shadow one of the messages
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Congruous
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Incongruous
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Visual Search
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Explanations for
Attention
Neuroscience Research on Attention
The Orienting Attention Network
selecting information from sensory input
visual search
parietal lobe
brain lesions
unilateral neglect
PET scans
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Chapter 3
Explanations for
Attention
Neuroscience Research on Attention
The Executive Attention Network
used when task features conflict
inhibiting automatic responses to stimuli
Stroop task
listening to words and stating use of each word
top-down control of attention
academic learning
Chapter 3
Explanations for
Attention
Theories of Attention
Early Theories of Attention
Bottleneck theories
information either passes through bottleneck or is lost
too simple
information not lost at just one phase of the attention process
attention as many separable processes
Chapter 3
Explanations for
Attention
Theories of Attention
Feature-Integration Theory (Anne Treisman)
1. The basic elements
distributed attention
all parts of the scene processed at the same time
register features automatically
parallel processing
low-level processing
Chapter 3
Explanations for
Attention
Theories of Attention
Feature-Integration Theory (Anne Treisman)
Chapter 3
Chapter 3
Explanations for
Attention
Theories of Attention
Feature-Integration Theory (Anne Treisman)
3. Current status of the theory
role of practice
distributed attention can occasionally resemble focused
attention
looking for explanations at the cellular level
Chapter 3
Consciousness
Chapter 3
Consciousness
Consciousness About Our Higher Mental
Processes
Nisbett & Wilson (1977)
little direct access to our thought processes
products vs. processes
Chapter 3
Consciousness
Consciousness About Our Higher Mental
Processes
we have only limited access to some thought
processes such as:
whether our attention is drifting
how well we understand something we have read
our awareness of step-by-step procedures in a
motor activity that has become automatic
Chapter 3
Consciousness
Thought Suppression
ironic effects of mental control
WegnerTolstoy's "white bear" task
rebound effect
Chapter 3
Consciousness
Individual Differences: Thought
Suppression and Obsessive-Compulsive
Disorder
obsession
compulsion
obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD)
"white bear" task
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Consciousness
Blindsight
vision without awareness
damage to visual cortex
can still identify some visual attributes of stimulus
reported as "not seen" (no conscious
awareness of object)
Chapter 3
Consciousness
Blindsight
Explanationsportion of the information from
the retina travels to other locations on the
cerebral cortex, outside the visual cortex
primary visual cortex necessary for conscious
awareness of visual information
Chapter 3