ELECTRO MECHANICAL ENERGY

CONVERSION

Electrical Machines
U M Rao

EMEC
Electrical Energy

To

Mechanical Energy

No direct connection between

electrical system To Mechanical System

EMEC

EMEC REVERSABLE PROCESS

EMEC

MAGNETIC ENERGY

MAGNETIC ENERGY

MEDIA FOR ENERGY TRANSFER IS THROUGH

MAGNETIC FLUX LINES

Concept of Flux lines

This concept was first introduced by
Michael Faraday as a means of
visualizing the distribution and
density of magnetic field.
This
concept
helps
us
in
understanding the physical behavior
of many electrical concepts.

Concept of Flux lines

Faradays concept of lines of force or flux
lines was rejected by his peers as they assumed
that electric charge is responsible for attraction
or repulsion. Physicist James Clerk Maxwell
accepted the concept of lines of force and put
Faraday's ideas into mathematical form, thus
giving birth to modern field theory.

Concept of Flux lines

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Characteristics of
Magnetic Flux Lines

The direction of a magnetic flux line at any

point in a non-magnetic field, such as air, is
that of the NORTH-SEEKING pole of a compass
needle.
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Characteristics of
Magnetic Flux Lines
Each magnetic flux line forms a closed
loop

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Characteristics of
Magnetic Flux Lines
Lines of magnetic flux never intersect

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Characteristics of
Magnetic Flux Lines
Lines of magnetic flux are like stretched
cords and always try to shorten.

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Characteristics of
Magnetic Flux Lines
Lines of magnetic flux which are in parallel
in the same direction repel each other.

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Characteristics of
Magnetic Flux Lines
Lines of magnetic flux which are in parallel
and with opposite direction attract each other.

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Characteristics of
Magnetic Flux Lines

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THE ABOVE FOUR SLIDES

DEMONSTRATE
CONVERSION OF
MAGNETIC ENERGY
TO
MECHANICAL ENERGY.

Electro Magnetism
First discovery was made by Danish
physicist Hans Christian Oersted in
the year 1820.
He discovered that,

A piece of wire carrying electric

current behaves as a magnet
or
The electric current flowing in a
wire can produce magnetic field in the
space surrounding the wire

Origin of Electromagnetism

Characteristics of
Electro Magnetism
Flux generation by current carrying conductor

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Characteristics of
Electro Magnetism
If a coil is wound on a steel rod and if current
is passed through the coil, then the steel rod
behaves like a magnet. This rod with coil is
known as Solenoid.

Characteristics of
Electro Magnetism

If the solenoid is gripped with right hand, with

the fingers pointing the direction of current,
then the thumb indicates the NORTH POLE of
that magnet.

Characteristics of
Electro Magnetism
As current flowing in each turn of the Solenoid
is contributing to flux lines, the total flux is
proportional to number of turns and current
flowing through the turns, thus:

Flux Number of turns X Current

Magnetic Circuit

(Volts)

(Amperes)

Electric Circuit

Magnetic Circuit

Magnetic Circuit

(. )()
()

Magneto Motive Force (MMF)

In an Electric Circuit CURRENT flows because
of ELECTRO MOTIVE FORCE (EMF).
By analogy
In a Magnetic Circuit FLUX flows because of
MAGNETO MOTIVE FORCE (MMF).

Electro-Magnetic Flux
Flux and Magnetic field strengths in
the magnetic core depends on:
Magnetic Motive Force.
Number of turns
Current flowing through the turns
Length of flux path.
Core Material of Magnetic circuit.