A

PRESENTATION
ON
BIOGAS POWER
PLANT
SUBMITTED BY:
GAURANGI SAXENA
1212240091

CONTENT : Biogas,

its composition and uses

Energy

equivalence and Commonly used organic

matter for biogas generation

Overall

scheme for anaerobic digestion of organic

matter
Types

Role

of biogas plants

of Biogas plants in saving of environment

Economics

of family size biogas plants

Objectives
1. To provide fuel for cooking purposes and
organic manure to rural house holds through
family type Bio Gas Plants.
2. To mitigate drudgery of rural women,
reduce pressure on forests and accentuate
social benefits.
3. To improve sanitation in villages by linking
sanitary toilets with bio gas plants.

What is Biogas
A gas

obtained due to anaerobic decomposition

of organic matter (cattle dung)

It is a mixture of methane, carbon dioxide,

hydrogen sulphide, water vapor, oxygen,
nitrogen and hydrogen.
Biogas has been known as swamp gas, sewer
gas, fuel gas, marsh gas etc.

In India, it is more commonly known as gobar

gas.
The

digester in which the decomposition takes

place is known as BIOGAS PLANT

Composition of Biogas
Methane
Carbon

dioxide
Hydrogen
Nitrogen
Water
Hydrogen sulphide
Oxygen

50-70%
30-45%
0-1%
0-1%
0.1%
0-1%
0-1%

Commonly used organic matter

used for generation of biogas
Cattle

dung
Kitchen and dining hall waste
Vegetable market waste
Poultry dropping
Crop residue
Pig and horse excreta
Aquatic weeds such as water hyacinth
Agro industrial waste
Sewage Sludge

Construction Technique
Site

Selection
Digging of the pit
Foundation laying
Machinery construction work
Laying of pipeline and accessories
Precautions in lying pipelines.

Components required for Bio

gas plant

Mixing tank and inlet

Digester
Gas holder or gas storage dome
Outlet and compost pits and
Gas main outlet and valve, pipeline,
water fittings, gas stoves, lamp and
similar appliances run on bio gas.

Construction Process
First

a pit is dug, perhaps ten feet deep.

Then a water-tight cement cylinder (with
brick or gravel) is constructed. Next, a wall
is built across the middle, extending up
from the bottom, not quite to the top.
Intake and outgo pipes are installed. The
whole unit is water-tight.

 The

manure is mixed with water in the Intake

basin to make a slurry, which then goes down
the pipe to the bottom of the left side. This side
of the cylinder gradually fills and overflows to the
right side. Meanwhile, the whole mass bubbles
methane up to the top. It collects under the
large metal bell-like cover. The gas builds
pressure, and can be taken off through a rubber
tube to a gas stove in a kitchen.

How Does it Work?

Manure

mixed with water to create slurry

Slurry is put into airtight digester
Anaerobic decomposition
Methane created and collected
Effluent produced and removed (1)

TECHNICAL REQUIREMENTS
pH
Temperature
Time
Ratio of water to waste
Ratio of carbon to nitrogen

Methane

Biogas

Water, Excreta,
Organic Material,
Biodegradable
Waste

O2

CO2

H2S
Amonio

ENERGY

Anaerobic Environment

Water with 80-90%

less contaminants,
Organic Fertilizer

Hydrolysis,
Fermentation,
Acetogenesis,
Dehydrogenization,
Methanogenesis

(3)
Graphic courtesy of Raul

and digested slurry

TYPES OF BIOGAS PLANTS

FLOATING
FIXED

DRUM TYPE

DOME TYPE

FIXED DOME TYPE:

(11)

FLOATING TYPE.

A KVIC Type Biogas Plant

Energy Equivalence of biogas

Use of 1m3 of biogas as fuel can save other
sources of energy as:
0.52

litre of diesel
0.62 litre of kerosene oil
3.40 kg of wood
12.30 kg of cow dung cakes
0.43 kg of LPG
1.46 kg of coal
4.70 KW of electricity

Role of Biogas plants in saving of

environment
Direct
Save

fuels

and immediate impact :

other fuels and hence less stress on other

Using

biogas as a kitchen fuel can prevent

deforestation and hence soil erosion

Change

of environment in the house as biogas is

a clean fuel. Other fuels being commonly used
creates pollution by generating smoke.

 The use of biogas prevents chances of eye

diseases and respiratory diseases. Hence
healthy life of rural woman.
Clean kitchen and utensils and hence
saving in the time of women
Clean House and hence less expenditure
for maintenance of house

Economics of Family size

Biogas Plants

The initial cost of the plant can be recovered in a very

short time due to savings in the use of alternate fuels.

The user will be getting the biogas from the plants for
more than 25 years.

User is saved from the increase in cost of alternate fuels

during the life of plant

All the farmers rearing animals should adopt this

technology as it requires one time investment and its
benefits are derived for rest of the life of plant.

Government of India provides an incentive of Rs. 8000/or 50% of cost which ever is less for the installation of
biogas plants.

Uses of Gobar Gas

Generally the uses of the gas can be as
under
1) cooking
2) lighting
3) Motive Power
a) run pump set
b) chalf-cutter
4) can produce electricity.
Motive Power can be produced by linking
the Gobar Gas to a duel fuel engine,
specially designed for Gobar Gas.

Advantages
(a) Large cattle population in the countryside
ensuring steady source of supply of the raw
material required for running the gas plant.
(b) Helps in reducing the deforestation as it arrests
for cutting of trees for firewood.
(c) Helps in maintaining ecological balance.
(d) Helps in rural sanitation
(e) Lower capital cost and almost cost free
maintenance.
(f) Removes drudgery of women.

Further R&D Work Required for Biogas Development

Biogas production using easily available local waste

material preferably agricultural wastes.

Development of new and low cost improved designs

of biogas plants for large sizes.

Development of low cost technology for separation

of methane, CO2 and sulfur compounds from
biogas for easy bottling of pure methane and to
reduce the damages caused by S-compounds on
machines using the biogas.

 The

effect of bio-wash (liquid from digested slurry) on

vegetables and crops.

Design of
Testing

kitchen waste biogas plant for restaurants

of oil seed cake based biogas plant slurry for

nutrient value and its effect on crop production

Conclusions
India

has second largest biogas programme in the world at

rural and as well as urban levels.

Many

technologies/models have been successfully developed

in India for biogas programme.

There

is need to develop a sustainable renewable energy

programme on biogas for replacing petroleum products by
utilization of biogas in the country.

This

will help in green energy technology and reducing green

house gases emissions.

Biogas is a potential renewable energy source for rural India

and other developing countries.

Biogas generation and subsequent bottling will cater the energy

needs of villages, supply enriched manure and maintain village
sanitation.

The bottling system will work as a decentralize source of power

with uninterrupted supply using local resources, generate ample
opportunities for employment and income of the rural people.

THANK
YOU