Op-Amp

Operational Amplifier
Op-Amp name derives from early usage of these elements in
performing mathematical operations in analog computers.

Non Inverting Amplifier

Inverting Amplifier
Adder
(and Subtractor using an Inverter)

Differential Amplifier
Integrator
Differentiator

Three Ways to Examine Op-Amp

Behavior
Consider as an Ideal Op-Amp
Component
Consider as a Feedback Model
and Examine Behavior
Perform Conventional Circuit
Analysis

VE = VIN+ - VIN-

VIN-

VIN+

VOUT = a * VE

Ideal Op-Amp Model

VE = VIN+ - VINVOUT = a * VE

Behavior of Feedback Model

Behavior of Feedback Model

of
Non Inverting Amplifier

Behavior of Feedback Model

Behavior of Feedback Model

Behavior of Feedback Model

Behavior of Feedback Model

Summary

Circuit Analysis Approach

Circuit Analysis Approach

Op-Amp
Operational Amplifier
Op-Amp name derives from early usage of these elements in
performing mathematical operations in analog computers.

Non Inverting Amplifier

Inverting Amplifier
Adder
(and Subtractor using an Inverter)

Differential Amplifier
Integrator
Differentiator

Differential Amplifier Circuit Analysis

a (V+ - V-)

Differential Amplifier Circuit Analysis

a (V+ - V-)

Differential Amplifier Circuit Analysis

a (V+ - V-)

Differential Amplifier Circuit Analysis

a (V+ - V-)

Differential Amplifier Circuit Analysis

a (V+ - V-)

ZF / ZG

Common Mode Rejection

Ratio
v1

v1

v2
vi1

vi2

Original Inputs

vid / 2

vicm

vid / 2
v2
Model of inputs with commonmode and differential-mode
components

Common Mode Rejection Ratio

CMRR
A
CMRR
Acm

where A is the differential

mode gain and Acm is the
common mode gain

A
CMRRdB 20 log
dB
Acm
Ideally: CMRR

Typically: 60 dB CMRR 120 dB

Assumes R2 = R4 and R1 = R3

Differential Amplifier Circuit Analysis

with Component Imbalance

Differential Amplifier Circuit Analysis

with Component Imbalance

Differential Amplifier Circuit Analysis

with Component Imbalance

Differential Amplifier Circuit Analysis

with Component Imbalance

Differential Amplifier Circuit Analysis

with Component Imbalance

The Maximum Power Transfer Theorem simply

states, the maximum amount of power will be
dissipated by a load resistance when that load
resistance is equal to the Thevenin/Norton resistance
of the network supplying the power.

To create the Thevenin Equivalent Circuit we need:

1. Value of the Thevenin Voltage Source

2. Value of the Thevenin Resistance

Input and Output

Impedances of
Noninverting Op-amp
Configuration

Rai

Rd vd

ii
vi

The unity gain buffer input

impedance is much higher
than the op-amp input
impedance Rd. The amplifier
output impedance is much
smaller than the op-amp
output impedance Ro.

Ro
+

- Avd

vo
io

Rao

RL

CL

Rai Rd ( A 1) Rd A
Rao Ro /( A 1) Ro / A

Instrumentation Amplifier
v1

R3

R4

R2
vout

R1

R2

vref
v2

vout - vref

R3

R4
R
1 2 2 v2 - v1
R3
R1

R4

vout - vref
v2 - v1

R4
R2
1 2

R3
R1

Instrumentation Amplifier
Example
Burr-Brown INA118
Parameters: R1 RG

vout Vo

R2 25k

vref Ref

Gain:

Vo - Ref
50 k

VIN
- VIN
RG

If RG 49.9,
50,000
G 1
1,003
49.9

R3 R4 60 k

v2 VIN

v1 VIN-

Instrumentation Amp (cont.)

A feedback network may also be included with the instrumentation amplifier.
v1

R2

vdiff = v2 - v1

R4

R3

vout

2R1

R2
v2

R3

R4
R

Vout s
Gs

Vdiff s s 1
RC