TECHNOLOGY & ENGINEERING

Technology (from Greek , techne, "art, skill, cunning of hand"; and -, -logia)
refer to the collection of tools, including machinery, modifications, arrangements and
procedures used by humans.
Engineering is the discipline that seeks to study and design new technologies.
Technologies significantly affect human as well as other animal species' ability to
control and adapt to their natural environments.

DISRUPTIVE INNOVATION
A disruptive innovation is an innovation that helps create a new market and value
network, and eventually disrupts an existing market and value network (over a few years
or decades), displacing an earlier technology. The term is used in business and
technology literature to describe innovations that improve a product or service in ways
that the market does not expect, typically first by designing for a different set of
consumers in a new market and later by lowering prices in the existing market.
Anthony, Scott D.; Johnson, Mark W.; Sinfield, Joseph V.; Altman, Elizabeth J. (2008). Innovator's Guide to Growth Putting Disruptive Innovation to Work. Harvard Business School Press. ISBN 978-1-59139-846-2.

EXAMPLE OF DISRUPTIVE INNOVATION

Wireless Power
Computing of course has gone completely wireless, but several vendors offering variations on wireless power
suggest that energy may just be another form of bits. Powermat has been around since 2006. Fulton Innovation,
another wireless power innovator, now offers a product that can conductively charge a smartphone even when
the charger isnt in physical contact withlet alone connected tothe device. Nearby is good enough.But the
more disruptive innovation was PowerTrekk, which provides you with your own personal hydrogen fuel
cell. Scoop up some water, and a cartridge filled with basic chemicals extracts the hydrogen to charge a small
battery, leaving sand as the residual product. The product, which will go on sale this spring at REI for about $200,
is today just at the NPR Pledge Drive premium stage, but could represent a breakthrough in energy generation

Open Source + Web Tools

3D printing
Graphene
The development of the super strong and highly conductive graphene has huge implications for the traditionally
silicon-dependant technology industry. Potential applications include flexible display screens, electric circuits, solar
cells and use in medical, chemical and industrial processes.

Reference-Consumer Electronic Show(CES) 2014

CLASSIFICATION OF TECHNOLOGY
New concept of technology classification
I Electrical engineering
1 Electrical machinery, apparatus, energy
2 Audio-visual technology
3 Telecommunications
4 Digital communication
5 Basic communication processes
6 Computer technology
7 IT methods for management
8 Semiconductors

II Instruments
9 Optics
10 Measurement
11 Analysis of biological materials
12 Control
13 Medical technology

III Chemistry
14 Organic fine chemistry
15 Biotechnology
16 Pharmaceuticals
17 Macromolecular chemistry, polymers
18 Food chemistry
19 Basic materials chemistry
20 Materials, metallurgy

21 Surface technology, coating

22 Micro-structure and nano-technology
23 Chemical engineering
24 Environmental technology

IV Mechanical engineering
25 Handling
26 Machine tools
27 Engines, pumps, turbines
28 Textile and paper machines
29 Other special machines
30 Thermal processes and apparatus
31 Mechanical elements
32 Transport

V Other fields
33 Furniture, games
34 Other consumer goods
35 Civil engineering

Reference- Concept of a Technology Classification for Country Comparisons Final Report to the World Intellectual Property
Organisation (WIPO) By Ulrich Schmoch (Fraunhofer Institute for Systems and Innovation Research, Karlsruhe, Germany)