What is

matter?
Matter is….
Anything that has mass
and occupies space

Made up of tiny and

discrete particles

There are spaces

between these particles.
Particle may be…

? ?
? -
molecule +
atom ion
 A positively-charged or
negatively-charged particle
The smallest particle of element
that can participate
in a chemical reaction

-
A group of two or more atoms

+
which are chemically
bonded together
Particles in matter are in motion…

Start After a few minutes…

DIFFUSION

Particles of a substance
move in between the
particles of another substance

Occurs…
Rapidly in gases
Slower in liquids
Slowest in solids
Due to the different arrangement
and movement of particles in the
3 states of matter…

Gas
Liquid

Solid
WHY
3 states of matter

Solid Liquid Gas

The Kinetic Theory of matter

Describes the arrangement

and movement of particles in
solid, liquids and gases.
Arrangement and movement in a SOLID

Particles are packed closely

together in an orderly arrangement.
Strong forces between the particles.

Particles can only vibrate and

rotate about their
fixed position.

A solid has a fixed volume

and shape.
Cannot be compressed.
Arrangement and movement in a LIQUID

Particles are packed closely

together but not in an orderly arrangement.
Particles are held together by strong force
but weaker than forces in a solid.
Particles can vibrate, rotate and
move. They collide against
each other.
A liquid has a fixed volume. It
takes the shape of the
container.
Cannot be compressed easily.
Arrangement and movement in a GAS

Particles are very far apart from each other

and in a random motion.
Weak forces between the particles.

Particles can vibrate, rotate and

move freely. The rate of
collision is grater than in
a liquid.

A gas doesn’t have a fixed

volume and shape.
Can be compressed easily.
Anything to ask me?
 The Kinetic Theory of matter

Particles
arrangement

Particles
vibration
 The Kinetic Theory of matter

Energy in
particles

Forces
between
particles
 Heat energy is absorbed
Heat energy is given out

Desalination
Melting

Freezing Sublimation

Condensation

Boiling/
Evaporation
Temperature (0C) The Heating Curve of a Substance
G

F
L G

D E
Boiling S L
point L+G
B C
Melting
point S+L

A
S

Time (min)
Temperature (0C) The Cooling Curve of a Substance

G 1
G L

2 3
Boiling L S
point G+L
4 5
Freezing
point L+ S S

Time (min)