Transmission Media

There are two types of signal for data transmission :- Base band
Broad band

Base Band means single time single data

Broad Band means single time multi data

There are two type of interference which problem in

transmission :-EMI Electro Magnetic Interference
RFI Radio frequency Interference
Chapter 3

Types of cables

There are three types of cable

Types of cables

Coaxial cable

Chapter 3

Twisted pair cables

Fiber Optic

Coaxial cable

Coaxial cables are less prone to interference.

Chapter 3

Types of Coaxial cable

Coaxial cables are mainly divided into four

categories
Types of
Coaxial cables

RG58

Chapter 3

RG8

RG6

RG59

RG58

Maximum segment length is 200 meters

Interference protection is better than twisted pair
cables
Offers resistance of 50 ohms
BNC and BNC-T connector is used to connect this
cable
Used in thinnet (10BASE2) network

Chapter 3

RG8

Maximum segment length is 500 meters

Interference protection is good compared to any
copper cable
Offers resistance of 50 ohms
BNC or BNC-T connector is used to connect this
cable
Used in 10BASE5 network

Chapter 3

RG6

Useful in cable TV, CCTV

and satellite dish antenna

Chapter 3

RG59

Chapter 3

Useful in security
camera, cable TV and
home theatre

Twisted Pair Cables

A pair of cables twisted around each other forms a twisted

pair cable.

Twisted Pair cables

Unshielded
Twisted Pair

Chapter 3

Shielded
Twisted pair

UTP Cables

Pair of unshielded wires

around each other
Easily gets affected by
EMI and RFI
Cable offers resistance of
50 ohms
Maximum segment length
is 100 meters

Chapter 3

10

UTP Cable Types

1000 Mbps

Cat 1

600 MHz

Cat 7

4 Mbps

Cat 2

1000 Mbps
250 MHz

Cat 6

UTP

Cat 3

10 Mbps
16 MHz

Cat 4

Cat 5e
1000 Mbps
100 MHz

Cat 5

16 Mbps
20 MHz

100 Mbps
Chapter 3

100 MHz

11

STP Cables

Chapter 3

Pair of wires wound

around each other is
placed inside shield
Better protection from
EMI and RFI as
compared to UTP
Offers resistance of 50
ohms
Maximum segment
length of 100 meters
12

Fiber Optic Medium

Consists of centre glass core surrounded by cladding

Electrical signals are converted into light signals
Total internal reflection is used for transmission
LED or LASER is used to transmit signal
Sheath

Metal wires
Cladding

Glass Core
Chapter 3

13

Fiber Optic Cable Characteristics

Bandwidth Carries large amount of data ranging

from 100 Mbps to 1 Gbps
Segment Length Transmits data signals over
larger distance, 2 k.m - 100 k.m
Interference No electric signals pass through
these types of cables thus providing security

Chapter 3

14

Fiber Optic Cable Types

Fiber optic cables can carry signals in a single

direction.
Fiber Optic Cable
Types

Single Mode

This mode use LASER and it can

cover longer distances
Chapter 3

Multi mode

This mode use LED and it can

cover short distances

15

Media Comparison
Characteristics

UTP

STP

Coaxial Cables

Fiber Optic Cables

Bandwidth

10 Mbps 100 Mbps

10 Mbps 100 Mbps

10 Mbps

100 Mbps - 1 Gbps

Maximum cable segment

100 meters

100 meters

200 500 meters

2 k.m. 100 k.m.

Interference rating

Poor

Better than UTP

Better than twisted pair

wires

Very good as compared to

any other cable

Installation cost

Cheap

Costly than UTP

Costly than twisted pair

wires

Most costly to install

Bend radius

360 degrees / feet

360 degrees / feet

360 degrees / feet or 30

degrees / feet

30 degrees / feet

Security

Low

Low

Low

High

Chapter 3

16