TEKNIK PRODUKSI I
TM UPN Veteran Yogyakarta
PRODUKTIVITAS FORMASI
VERTICAL LIFT PERFORMANCE
CHOKE PERFORMANCE
HORIZONTAL FLOW PERFORMANCE
NATURAL FLOW WELL
NODAL ANALYSIS
CHOKE/BEAN/JEPITAN/KERANGAN
Pu
Pd
Pu = 2 Pd
Syarat Sonic Velocity :
Fungsi :
Fenomena :
Pwh
435 R 0,546
S 1,89
CHOKE
Pwh
Persamaan
empiris GILBERT :
Q
435 R 0,546
S 1,89
R : GLR, Mcf/bbl
S : Diameter choke, /64 inci
Q : Rate Prod., Bpd
Pwh : Tekanan Tubing, Psi
S : 5; 8; 16 dst
CHOKE
Jika :
A = 435
A > 435
A < 435
ck masih memadai
ck terlalu besar
ck terlalu kecil
Pwh
C R 0, 5
S2
CHOKE
Pwf
0
QmaxIPR
Pwh
VFP
0
Qmax
Pwh
CP
Pwh
C R 0, 5
S2
CHOKE
Pwh
ANALISIS NODAL
TUJUAN
Mendapatkan laju produksi optimum sumur dengan
melakukan evaluasi secara lengkap dan terintegrasi
pada sistem produksi sumur
SYARAT
Tersedia Inflow Performance (IPR)
Tersedia Outflow Performance (VLP-CP-HFP-SP)
Gas
Sales line
Pwh
Psep
Liquid
Stock tank
P3 = Pwf - Pwh
Pwf
P1 = Pr - Pwfs
= Loss in reservoir
P2 = Pwfs - Pwf
P3 = Pwf - Pwh
= Loss in tubing
P4 = Pwh - Psep
= Loss in flowline
PT = Pr - Psep
Pwfs
P1 = (Pr - Pwfs)
P2 = (Pwfs - Pwf)
Pr
Pe
ANALISIS NODAL
Pwh
Separator
Surface
Choke
Psep
Pdsc
Safety
Valve
Pusv
Bottom
Hole
Restriction
Pdr
Pur
Pwf
DP1 = Pr - Pwfs
DP2 = Pwfs - Pwf
DP3 = Pur - Pdr
DP4 = Pusv - Pdsv
DP5 = Pwh - Pdsc
DP6 = Pdsc - Psep
Pwfs
_
Pr
Pe
ANALISIS NODAL
METODOLOGI
ANALISIS NODAL
2500
2000
1500
1000
500
0
0
500
1000
1500
2000
2500
3000
3500
4000
4500
Tubing Curve
3500
Tubing Curve
3000
2500
2000
1500
1000
500
0
0
500
1000
1500
2000
2500
3000
3500
4000
4500
System Graph
3500
3000
2500
1957.1 psi
2000
1500
1000
500
2111 STB/D
0
0
500
1000
1500
2000
2500
3000
3500
4000
4500
Pressure at Node
Inflow
(IPR)
Outflow
SKIN
10
-1
qo a 1/
Flowrate
-3
ln re +S
rw
Note : Log effect
Pengaruh Penurunan
Tekanan Reservoir pada IPR
Pressure at Node
Inflow
Outflow
Flowrate
Pressure at Node
3 1/2
Flowrate (stb/d)
4 1/2
ANALISIS NODAL
Tubing Curve
Curve
Tubing
3000
3000
2500
2500
2000
2000
1500
1500
Pwh
1000
1000
500
500
Gas
Horz. Perf.
Sales line
Psep
Liquid
00
00
500
500
1000
1000
1500
1500
2000
2000
2500
2500
3000
3000
3500
3500
4000
4000
4500
4500
Stock tank
Production rate,
rate, STB/D
STB/D
Production
3500
3000
1957
P1 = Pr - Pwfs
=psiLoss in reservoir
P2 = Pwfs - Pwf
P3 = Pwf - Pwh
= Loss in tubing
P4 = Pwh - Psep
= Loss in flowline
PT = Pr - Psep
Vert. Perf.
P3 = Pwf - Pwh
2500
2000
1500
1000
2111
STB/D
500
0
0
500
1000
1500
2000
2500
3000
3500
4000
3500
3500
Inflow
(Reservoir)
Curve
Inflow
(Reservoir)
Curve
3000
3000
Flowing
psi
pressure,psi
bottomholepressure,
Flowingbottomhole
3500
3500
Pwf
Pwfs
2500
2500
2000
2000
1500
1500
1000
1000
500500
0 0
0 0
500500
1000
1000 1500
1500 2000
2000 2500
2500 3000
3000 3500
3500 4000
4000 4500
4500
Production
rate,
STB/D
Production
rate,
STB/D
P1 = (Pr - Pwfs)
P2 = (Pwfs - Pwf)
Pr
Pe
4500
Pd
Horz. Perf.
Sales line
Psep
Tubing Curve
Tubing Curve
3000
3000
Liquid
Stock tank
2500
2500
2000
2000
1500
1500
1000
1000
3500
500
500
0
500
1000
1500
2000
2500
3000
3500
4000
4500
1000
1500
2000
2500
3000
3500
4000
4500
3000
P3 = Pwf - Pwh
1957
P1 = Pr - Pwfs
=psiLoss in reservoir
P2 = Pwfs - Pwf
P3 = Pwf - Pwh
= Loss in tubing
P4 = Pwh - Psep
= Loss in flowline
PT = Pr - Psep
500
0
Vert. Perf.
00
2500
2000
1500
1000
2111
STB/D
500
0
0
500
1000
1500
2000
2500
3000
3500
4000
Pwf
3500
3500
Inflow(Reservoir)
(Reservoir)Curve
Curve
Inflow
3000
3000
3500
3500
Gas
Pwfs
2500
2500
2000
2000
1500
1500
1000
1000
500
500
00
00
500
500
1000
1000
1500
1500
2000
2000
2500
2500
3000
3000
Productionrate,
rate,STB/D
STB/D
Production
3500
3500
4000
4000
4500
4500
P1 = (Pr - Pwfs)
P2 = (Pwfs - Pwf)
Pr
Pe
4500
SELESAI
SELAMAT BEKERJA
SUKSES
= 3000 ft
= 2 in
= 5000 ft
= 2 3/8 in
= 0
= 400 SCF/STB
= 2200 psi
= 100 psi
= 1 bpd/psi
Pehitungan :
1.
2.
Q anggapan
Pwf
200
400
600
800
1000
1500
2000
1800
1600
1400
1200
700
3.
4.
Q anggapan
Psep
Pwh
200
400
600
800
1000
1500
100
100
100
100
100
100
115
140
180
230
275
420
Catatan:
5.
Q anggapan
Pwh
Pwf
200
400
600
800
1000
1500
115
140
180
230
275
420
750
880
1030
1190
1370
1840
6.
7.
8.
2000
Tubing intake
Tekanan, Psi
1500
IPR
1000
500
0
0
200
400
600
800
1000
1200
1400
1600
di dasar
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
3000 ft
2 in
5000ft
2 3/8
0
400 SCF/ bbl
2200 psi
20 ft
162 md
2, 4, 6, 8, 10 SPF
11,6 in
0,51 in
= 1,083 bbl/STB
= 2,5 cp
= 30,0 lbm/cuft
Tentukan laju produksi yang diperoleh dengan menggunakan dasar sumur sebagai
titik nodal , dengan memperhitungkan kerapatan perforasi.
Penyelesaian
1. Pada kertas grafik kartesian , buat sistem koordinat dengan
tekanan pada sumbu tegak dan laju produkksi pada sumbu
datar.
Lihat gambar 3-3
2. Berdasrkan Pi = 1,0 dan Ps = 2200 psi , hitung Pwf pada
berbagai anggapan harga q ,
Pwf = Ps q/pi
Untuk q = 200 bbl/hari, Pwf = 2200 200/1 = 2000 psi
Untuk laju produksi yang lain diperoleh hasil seperti pada
tabel berikut :
Pwh
Pwf
200
115
750
400
140
880
600
180
1030
800
230
1190
1000
275
1370
1500
420
1840
4.
Pwf (sandwich)
Pwf (tubing)
Beda tekanan
200
2000
750
1250
400
1800
880
920
600
1600
1030
570
800
1400
1190
210
1000
1200
1370
1500
700
1840
Plot
5.
Laju
produksi
2 SPF
q /perf
4 SPF
dp
q /perf
6 SPF
dp
q/perf
dp
200
152.83
2.50
76.26
1.67
50.81
400
10
306.89
5.00
152.83
3.33
101.75
600
15
462.18
7.50
229.71
5.00
152.83
800
20
618.71
10.00
306.89
6.67
204.05
1000
25
776.46
12.50
384.38
8.33
215.40
1500
37.5
1176.24
18.75
579.46
12.50
384.38
Laju
produksi
8 SPF
q/perf
10 SPF
dp
q/perf
dp
200
1.25
30.47
1.00
34.10
400
2.50
60.98
2.00
68.25
600
3.75
91.55
3.00
102.45
800
5.00
122.17
4.00
136.45
1000
6.25
152.83
5.00
170.99
1500
9.375
229.71
7.50
256.95
Plot
antara
perbedaan tekanan
tersebut tehadap laju
produksi pada kertas
grafik
1400
1300
1200
1100
Tubing
1000
2 SPF
Tekanan, Psi
900
4 SPF
800
6 SPF
8 SPF
700
10 SPF
600
500
400
300
200
100
0
0
100
200
300
400
500
600
700
800
900
1000
1100
1200
1300
1400
1500
1600
Density Perforasi
(SPF)
2
4
6
8
10
Laju Produksi
(STB/D)
620
740
790
820
840
Diketahui :
Panjang pipa Salur
= 3000 ft
Diameter pipa salur
= 2 in
Kedalaman Sumur
= 5000 ft
Diameter Tubin
= 2 2 / 8
Kadar Air
= 0
Perbandinagn gas cairan
= 400 SCF/bbl
Tekanan Statik
= 2200 psi.
Tebal formasi produktif
= 20 ft
Permeabilitas formasi
= 162 md
Kerapatan perforasi
= 2, 4, 6, 8, SPF
Panjang lubang perforasi
= 11.6 in
Diameter lubang perforasi
= 0.51 in.
Diameter dalam casing
= 6875 in
Diameter lubang bor
= 9.875in
Diameter lubang perforasi
= 0.51 in
Ukuran Gravel
= 50 mesh
Permeabilitas Gravel
= 45000 md
Faktor volume formasi minyak= 1083 bbl/STB
Viskositas minya
= 2.5 cp
Densitas minyak = 30.0 lbm/cuft
Q anggapan
Pwf
200
2000
400
1800
600
1600
800
1400
1000
1200
1500
700
Pwh
Pwf
200
115
750
400
140
880
600
180
1030
800
230
1190
1000
275
1370
1500
42
1840
Plot
Pwf
Pwf
Beda
(sandface)
(Tubing)
Tekanan
200
2000
750
1250
400
1800
880
920
600
1600
1030
570
800
1400
1190
210
1000
1200
1370
1500
700
1840
0.5676
0.909214
5.76107x10-4
0.11352
0.454607
1.440269x10-4
0.17028
0.303071
6.401197x10-5
0.22704
0.227304
3.600674x10-5
10
0.28380
0.181843
2.304431x10-5
Plot
2 SPF
4 SPF
6 SPF
8 SPF
10 SPF
dp
dp
dp
dp
dp
200
204.89
96.68
63.17
46.17
3729
400
455.86
204.89
131.47
96.68
76.42
600
752.93
324.61
204.89
149.34
117.40
800
1096.08
455.86
283.42
204.31
160.22
1000
1485.32
598.63
367.08
263.31
204.89
1500
2660.06
1005.97
598.63
421.97
324.61
Laju Produksi
(SPF)
(STB/D)
550
700
760
800
10
820
Analisa nodal dengan titik nodal di dasar sumur diperforasi dan digravel pack
1500
1400
Tubing
1300
2 SPF
1200
4 SPF
1100
Tekanan, Psi
1000
6 SPF
900
8 SPF
800
10 SPF
700
600
500
400
300
200
100
0
0
100
200
300
400
500
600
700
800
900
1000
1100
1200
1300
1400
1500
pipa salur
= 3000 ft
Diameter
= 2 in
Kedalaman sumur
= 5000 ft
Diameter Tubing
= 2 3/8 in
Kadar Air
= 0
Perbandingan gas cairan = 400 SCF/STB
Tekanan Statik
= 2200 psi
Tekanan Separator
= 100 psi
Tentukan laju produksi dengan menggunkan kepala
sumur sebagai titik nodal tanpa mengunakan jepitan.
Psep
Pwh
200
100
115
400
100
140
600
100
180
800
100
230
1000
100
275
1500
100
420
Psep
Pwf
Pwh
200
2000
610
400
1800
540
600
1600
450
800
1400
330
1000
1200
180
1500
700
600
Aliran tegak
Tekanan, Psi
500
400
Aliran mendatar
300
200
100
0
0
200
400
600
800
Laju produksi, Bbl/D
1000
1200
1400
1600
= 3000 ft
= 2 in
= 5000 ft
= 2 3/8 in
= 0
= 400 SCF/STB
= 2200 psi
Q anggapan
Pwf
Pwh
200
2000
610
400
1800
540
600
1600
450
800
1400
330
1000
1200
180
1500
700
3.
4.
Q anggapan
Pwh
200
75.34
400
150.68
600
226.02
800
301.70
1000
376.70
1500
565.04
Kurva analisa nodal dengan titik nodal di kepala sumur dengan jepitan
600
500
Kurva tubing
Kurva Jepitan
Tekanan, Psi
400
300
200
100
0
0
200
400
600
800
Laju produksi, bbl/d
1000
1200
1400
1600
pipa salur
Diameter
Kedalaman sumur
Diameter Tubing
Kadar Air
Perbandingan gas cairan
Tekanan Statik
= 3000 ft
= 2 in
= 5000 ft
= 2 3/8 in
= 0
= 400 SCF/STB
= 2200 psi
1.
2.
Q anggapan
P wf (psi)
P wh (psi)
200
2000
610
400
1800
540
600
1600
450
800
1400
330
1000
1200
180
P wh (psi)
P separator (psi)
200
610
595
400
540
525
600
150
410
800
330
255
1000
180
600
500
Tekanan, Psi
Kurva flowline
400
300
200
100
0
0
100
200
300
400
500
600
700
800
900
1000