Introduccin al Negocio de Motores

Industriales Caterpillar

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Caterpillar es
El ms grande fabricante de equipos
para minera y construccin, motores
diesel y a gas y turbinas industriales.
Lder en tecnologa en construccin,
transporte, minera, forestal, energa,
logstica y generacin elctrica.

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Principales Lneas de Negocio

Maquinaria
Motores
Productos de Financiamiento

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Unidad de Motores Caterpillar

Caterpillar :US$ 22,000 Millones
Unidad de motores: US $8,000
Millones
Cat, Solar Turbines, MaK, Perkins,
FGWilson
Worlds Largest Engine Company

Red mundial de Repuestos y

servicios.

Empleados a nivel
mundial:
Cat Inc 69,196

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Lnea de Motores Industriales

8 familias de motores

Turbinas desde 16.2 MW

Desplazamientos desde 1 hasta 296 litros

Ratings desde 15 a 5,000 kW
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Negocio de motores Caterpillar

@ 1 motor por minuto 1,400 por da

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Mundialmente
Los productos Caterpillar son fabricados en
50 plantas en los Estados Unidos y 65
fabricas a nivel mundial.
Ms de 300 productos vendidos en ms de
200 pases.
Oficinas en 15 ciudades en 11 pases.
Infraestructura mundial para la distribucin
de repuestos.

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Mas de 70 aos de adelantos

Tecnolgicos

2001 ACERT control de Emisiones

1990s EU/HEUI unit injection fuel systems
Motores electrnicos
1980s
Pistones articulados
1970s
Primer motor exitoso para camiones medianos
1960s
Turbos y aftercoolers
1950s
Primer motor a gas natural
1940s
1930s

Primer motor diesel industrial

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Caterpillar Plus

Organizacin mundial de soporte al producto.

Contratos de mantenimiento
Caterpillar Financial Corporation
Caterpillar World Trade
Caterpillar Parts Logistics
Global Purchasing

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Soporte Mundial Cat Network

215 dealers
90,552 empleados
Ganancias Netas sobre los US$ 7,100
millones
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Como afectan las

regulaciones Ambientales
al diseo y desarrollo de
motores.

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Off-highway Emissions
History
8.0

Emissions
reduction
driving engine
technology

T1 Jan 96

NOx, G/HP-HR

7.0
6.0

57% Reduction

5.0
4.0

T2
Jan 01

T3 Jan 05/06

3.0
2.0

73% Reduction

1.0
0.0
0.00
T4 Jan 11

0.10

0.20

0.30

0.40

0.50

PM, G/HP-HR
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Non-Road Emissions
Levels & Technologies
Timing Retarded
JWAC / ATAAC
Combustion Optimization
Higher Injection Pressure
Limited Electronics

Particulates - g/hp-hr

0.6
0.5

Unregulated
Engines

0.4
Tier 1/Stage I

0.3
0.2

Electronics
SCAC / ATAAC

Tier 2/Stage II

0.1

Tier 3/Stage IIIa

Tier 4/4aStage IIIb

0.0

0.0

1.0

2.0

ACERT
3.0

4.0

5.0

6.0

7.0

8.0

9.0

10.0

11.0

12.0

NOx - g/hp-hr
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TM

ADEM 4 Electronic Engine Control

Generations of Experience

1987
8-bit
PEEC II

1991

1993

1998 32-bit

Advanced
8-bit
PEEC III

Two 8-bit
ADEM II

ADEM III

2004 32-bit
ADEM 4

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Emissions Challenge

Develop the best

customer solution
that meets the
Tier 3/ Stage IIIa
Emissions

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Option #1: Cooled EGR

Exhaust Gases are Re-introduced

Depleting the Oxygen Density
Recycled exhaust gas is externally
cooled

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Cooled-EGR Experience

Heat Rejection?

Reliability?
Durability?
Operating Cost?
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Cat Testing with Cooled EGR

Originally our path for truck

Never considered for non road
Selected one path - ACERT

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Option #2: Internal EGR

Exhaust Gases are Re-introduced

Depleting the Oxygen Density
By early opening of intake valve
capturing exhaust gas in manifold
before intake stroke

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Cat Testing with Internal EGR

Effectively reduces engine

displacement
Significant impact on performance
Very significant response impact
Concerns on engine wear

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Competition
Tier 3 / Stage IIIa Solutions

Liebherr
JD
Komatsu

Volvo
Cummins
DDC/MBE*

Internal EGR
Internal EGR for small engines, Cooled EGR
for 9.0L & 13.5L
Internal EGR (>200 HP)
In-Cylinder (<200 HP)
Internal EGR? (V-ACT)
In-Cylinder Optimized Combustion
In-Cylinder Optimized Combustion

*Mercedes-Benz Engines

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Competition
Tier 3 / Stage IIIa Solutions

EGR (internal/external)

What to expect?
Optimized Combustion

Fuels with higher sulfur than U.S.

on-road, sulfuric acid/corrosion a
problem

Growing pains

Internal wear due to exhaust gas

Machine integration challenges

(In-Cylinder Solution)

particles

High cylinder temperatures preignition increases fuel

consumption

ACERT in emissions box

for 2 years

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How will they get to Tier 3?

Options to achieve T3

No after-treatment
Electronic controls
Fuel systems
Common Rail or MEUI
Multiple inj. & rate shaping

Combustion solutions
Cooled EGR or Internal EGR
Valve overlapping using cam shape or VVA?
Internal Combustion Optimization

Configuration
4 valve heads, shallow piston bowls
Turbos: Standard, Wastegated or VG
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The SOLUTION:

Innovative
Combustion
Science
Alternative

The missing
piece to the
puzzle!
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ACERT Technology
Engines
Advanced Combustion Emissions
Reduction Technology
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ACERT Suite of Technologies

Air Systems

Delivering Customer Value

Reliability

Electronic
Controls

Durability
Performance
Fuel Efficiency

Fuel Systems

Emissions Reduction
Noise Treatment

Combustion
Technology

Operating Costs

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How Does ACERT

Technology Work?
Precise control of air quantity
Control of cylinder pressure
Precise control of fuel quantity and
timing
Redesigned combustion chamber
Exhaust aftertreatment

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How Is ACERT Technology

Different?

Series turbochargers
JWPC - Jacket Water Pre-cooler
Intake valve actuation
Pilot injection
More advanced software
Exhaust Aftertreatment

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ADEM 4 Developments
Processing speeds and memory
increased
Up to 300 fuel maps to optimize
combustion
Better performance
Better efficiency
High Speed 2-way communications
Standard SAE link for all C-series
engines
Broadcasts engine performance,
status and diagnostic information

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Series Turbocharging
Reliability
Proven technology

Durability
Slower shaft speed
Longer life

Performance

Better combustion
Emissions reduction
Fuel economy
Improved response

Tier 4/ Stage IIIB

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ACERT Multiple Injection Capability

MEUI, HEUI, HEUI single fluid fuel systems
Multiple injection
Variable injection timing
Controls quantity of fuel
Rate shaping of fuel delivery

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Engine Load

Engine Operating Map Optimization

Pilot + Ramp
Pilot + ERS
Engine
Torque
Curve

Square on Accels
Ramp + Post

Square Splits

Pilot + Square

Idle Splits

Engine Speed

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Intake Valve Actuation

Holds inlet valve open 3 mm (0.118)
Controls intake valve timing BTDC
Not operational when engine oil temperature is below
20 degrees C (68 degrees F)
Operational from 1100 - 2100 rpm @ 20 - 100% torque
Hydraulic/electric device that holds the intake valves open
during the compression stroke until the ECM determines when
to close the intake valves (between 120 and 53 degrees BTDC).
This reduces cylinder pressure during the compression stroke.

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Variable Valve Actuation

Tier 4/ Stage IIIB

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Coolant Flow Schematic Coolant Flow

Schematic

JWPC Jacket Water Pre-cooler used to cool the air before it enters the ATAAC.
Used to reduce the air temperature from the HP stage turbo. The JWAC is not used at low idle or under
low loads, the cooling system temperature would drop causing engine overcooling. The engine coolant
diverter valve is normally open.
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C15 JWPC C15 JWPC

Jacket Water
Pre-cooler

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Inlet Air Flow Schematic

JWPC Jacket Water Pre-cooler used to cool the air before it enters the ATAAC.
Used to reduce the air temperature from the turbochargers.
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Advanced Combustion

Tana Utley ACERT Development Manager

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C15 Piston Assembly

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Aftertreatment

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How Does ACERT

Technology Work?
Precise control of air quantity
Control of cylinder pressure
Precise control of fuel quantity and
timing
Redesigned combustion chamber
Exhaust aftertreatment

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Muchas gracias
Preguntas

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