QoS in UMTS Network

1 December 2014 By Ying weimin

UMTS QoS
CONTENT:

UMTS QoS concept

QoS requirement on UMTS
QoS mechanism in UMTS
QoS in UMTS network
UTRAN mechanism

UMTS QoS concept

Quality of Service (QoS) refers to the

collective effect of service performance
that determines the degree of satisfaction
of the end-user of the service.

UMTS QoS concept

Why UMTS QoS is so important
-1G cellular system (AMPS)
Analog voice/ circuit switch
-2G cellular system (GSM)
Digital voice/circuit switch
-2.5G cellular system (GPRS)
Digital data/ packet switch
Address QoS issues but not required to implement.
-3G cellular system (wcdma)
Digital voice/data/ packet switch
QoS features are designed in and ready for providing packet
multi-medium service. Cellular system can server as mobile
internet.

UMTS QoS concept

UMTS QoS classes(1) :
Conversational class
speech, video telephony
most delay sensitive
Streaming class
can tolerate some delay
jitter should be minimized
Interactive class
web browsing
less stringent delay
better error rate

UMTS QoS concept

UMTS QoS classe(2) :
Background class
Email, downloads
Error rate minimized
Lower priority in scheduling than interactive class
Uses resource only when interactive class dont need
the them

UMTS QoS concept

UMTS QoS classe(3) :
Bit error
tolerant
conversational

streaming

interactive

background

Delay tolerant

UMTS QoS concept

Qos impact on resources
Required
Network
Resources

Required
Buffering
Resources

Delay

Delay

UMTS QoS concept

QoS attibutes(1):
Traffic Class:
Conversational , Streaming, Interactive, Background;
Traffic class indicates the type of application for which
the UMTS bears is optimized.
Max Bit Rate
Maximum bit rate is defined as maximum number of bits
delivered by the UMTS and within a period of time,
divided by the duration of the period.
Guaranteed Bit Rate
Guaranteed bit rate is defined as the guaranteed number
of bits delivered by the UMTS within a period of time,
divided by the duration of the period.

UMTS QoS concept

QoS attibutes(2):
Delivery Order
Delivery order indicates whether the UMTS bearer
service should offer in-sequence SDU delivery or not.
Max SDU Size
Maximum SDU size indicates the maximum allowed
size of an SDU.
Transfer Delay
Transfer delay is defined as the maximum delay for the
95th percentile of the distribution of delay for all
delivered SDUs during the lifetime of the bearer service.

UMTS QoS concept

QoS attibutes(3):
SDU Format Information
List of possible exact sizes of SDUs.
SDU Error Ratio
SDU error is defined as the fraction of lost or erroneous
SDUs.
Residual Bit Error Ratio
Residual bit error ratio indicates the undetected bit error
ratio in the delivered SDUs if error detection has been
requested, otherwise it indicates the bit error ratio (BER)
in the delivered SDUs.

UMTS QoS concept

QoS attibutes(4):
Delivery of Erroneous SDUs
Indicates whether SDUs detected as erroneous shall be
delivered or discarded
Traffic Handle Priority
Specifies the relative importance for handling of all
SDUs belonging to the UMTS bearer compared to the
SDUs of other bearers.
Allocation/Retention Priority
Specifies the relative importance compared to other
UMTS bearers for allocation and retention of the UMTS
bearer. The Allocation/Retention Priority attribute is a
subscription attribute which is not negotiated from the
mobile terminal.

UMTS QoS concept

Call Setup Quality:
Accessibility
No coverage
Network equipment down
Cell barred
Generic call setup failure (signaling or other reason)
Call Blocking Probability
A blocking event occurs when the network
admission controller denies the users access
attempt.
Call Setup Delay
The call setup delay is measured from the time
instant when the user places an access request, or
query, to the instant when the user data exchange
become possible with the other end of the call
entity.

UMTS QoS concept

Call Quality ( Key parameters are covered by QoS Atributes )
Acceptable Delay Variation
This is used to define how much jitter the
application can tolerate, beyond which the packet
is treated as being lost.
Acceptable Transport Service Interruption Duration
This defines to what degree an interrupt to
transport services is regarded as acceptable,
provided it happens only occasionally during a call.
Call Drop Probability
A call drop is defined as an event where the
communication connection has

UMTS QoS

CONTENT:
UMTS QoS concept
QoS requirement on UMTS
QoS mechanism in UMTS
QoS in UMTS network
UTRAN mechanism

QoS requirement on UMTS

Error
tolerant

Conversational
voice and video

Telnet,
Error
intolerant interactive games

Voice messaging

E-commerce,
WWW browsing,

Streaming audio
and video

FTP, still image,

paging

Conversational
Interactive
Streaming
(delay <<1 sec) (delay approx.1 sec) (delay <10 sec)

Fax

E-mail arrival notification

notification

Background
(delay >10 sec)

QoS requirement on UMTS

QoS attributers (Profile) :
Traffic class

conversation
al class

Streaming
class

Interactive
class

Backgroun
d class

Maximum bit rate

(kbps)

< 2048

< 2048

< 2048

< 2048

Delivery order

Yes/No

Yes/No

Yes/No

Yes/No

Maximum SDU size

<=1500

<=1500

<=1500

<=1500

Delivery of
erroneous SDU

Yes/No

Yes/No

Yes/No

Yes/No

Residual BER

5*10-2 10-6

5*10-2 10-6

4*10-3 6*10-8

4*10-3 6*10-9

SDU error ratio

10-2 10-5

10-1 10-5

10-3 10-6

10-3 10-6

Transfer delay

100ms upto FFS

250ms upto FFS

Guaranteed bit rate

< 2048

< 2048

Traffic handling
priority
Allocation and
retention priority

1,2,3
1,2,3

1,2,3

1,2,3

1,2,3

QoS requirement on UMTS

QoS example(1):

AMR speech codec payload

Bit rate:
4,75 - 12,2 kbit/s
Delay: end-to-end delay not to exceed 300ms
BER: < 10-3
FER < 1 % (with graceful degradation for higher erasure
rates)

QoS requirement on UMTS

QoS example(2):

Videophone carries both video and audio and intended for

use in a conversational environment. As such, in principle
the same delay requirements as for conversational voice will
apply, In fact, due to the long delays incurred in even the
latest video codecs, it will be difficult to meet these
requirements.
Once again, the human eye is tolerant to some loss of
information, so that some degree of packet loss is acceptable
depending on the specific video coder and amount of error
protection used. It is expected that the latest video codecs
will provide acceptable video quality with frame erasure
rates up to about 1%.

UMTS QoS

CONTENT:
UMTS QoS concept
QoS requirement on UMTS
QoS mechanism in UMTS
QoS in UMTS network
QoS mechanism in UTRAN

QoS in UMTS
QoS profile configuration:
UE

RNC

SGSN

GGSN

HLR

Subscriber#1
PDP context #3
PDP context #2

UMTS QOS Classes :

Conversational class
Steaming class
Interactive class
Background class

PDP context #1
----------------PDP context ID
APN
Qos Profile

QoS in UMTS network

General idea:

Attach
1 Subscribe time

UE

RNC

SGSN

GGSN

HLR
PDP
cont
ext

5 RL/RB estabilishment

5 RRM to map QoS to channals 4

PDP Context Activation

IP Qos mapping & establishment

RAB establishment
QoS map to radio access bearers
5

PDP modification

IP-QoS remapping if required

QoS in UMTS network

Subscribers attach to net work
Subscriber#1
PDP context #3
PDP context #2

Subscriber#1

PDP context #1
----------------PDP context ID
APN
PDP address
Qos Profile

UE

PDP context #3
PDP context #2
SGSN

1.Attach Req

GGSN

2.Insert Sub.Data
3.Insert sub. Data Ack

4.Attach Acpt

HLR

PDP context #1
----------------PDP context ID
APN
Qos Profile

QoS in UMTS network

Admission control and QoS session establishment:
Subscriber#1
PDP context #3
PDP context #2

UE

RNC

SGSN

PDP context #1
----------------PDP context ID
APN
PDP address
Qos Profile

GGSN

Host

1 Activate PDP Context Req (QoS Req)

2 Activate PDP Context Req (QoS Neq)
SGSN may restrict requested QoS
Given its capabilities, load and the
3 Activate PDP Context Rsp (QoS Neq)
Subscribed QoS
SGSN selects radio priority based on
QoS negotiated

4 RAB Setup (QoS Neg)

5 RL/RB Establishment
6 RAB Est.Rsp

RRM Algorithms

GGSN may further restrict the

QoS given its capabilities and
load

QoS in UMTS network

Admission control and QoS session establishment:
Subscriber#1
PDP context #3
PDP context #2

UE

RNC

In case QoS was downgraded by RNC , SGSN

may inform GGSN about the new QoS

SGSN

PDP context #1
----------------PDP context ID
APN
PDP address
Qos Profile

GGSN

Host

7 Update PDP Context Req (QoS Neq)

8 Update PDP Context Rsp (QoS Neq)

9 Active PDP context Acpt (QoS Neg)

MS either accepts the QoS or
deactivates the PDP context

QoS in UMTS network

Inter SGSN RA update:

UE

RNC

New SGSN

Old SGSN

GGSN

1 RA Update Req

2 SGSN Context Req/Ack.(QoS profile)

3 Update PDP Context Req (QoS Neq)
4 Update PDP Context Rsp (QoS Neq)
5 RA Update Acpt / Complete

QoS in UMTS network

Serving RNC Relocation:

UE

Source RNC

Target RNC

Old SGSN

New SGSN

GGSN

1 Relocation required (Source ID, target ID, SRNC-TRNC container)

2 Forward Rel. Req( PDP Context)
3 Relocation Req (SRNC-TRNC container,RABS)
Establishment of RABs, RBs

4 Relocation Req ack ( RABS ok, RABS fail)

6 Relocation command
7 Relocation commit
8 Relocation of data

5 Forward Rel. Rsp

QoS in UMTS network

Serving RNC Relocation:

UE

Source RNC

Target RNC

Old SGSN

New SGSN

GGSN

9 Relocation detect

10 Update PDP context Req

(Qos.neq)
11 Update PDP context Rsp
12 Relocation Comlete

13 Forward Rel. comp

14 Forward Rel. comp.ack

15 Iu release command
16 Iu release complete

UMTS QoS

CONTENT:
UMTS QoS concept
QoS requirement on UMTS
QoS mechanism in UMTS
QoS in UMTS network

QoS mechanism in UTRAN

QoS mechanism in UTRAN

Radio interface protocals:
RRC

L3

User Plane Radio Bearers

PDCP
BMC

Signaling
Radio Bearers

RLC

L2

Logical channel

MAC
Transport channel

PHY

L1

QoS mechanism in UTRAN

PDCP

Packet data convergence protocol :

Header compression and decompression of IP data
stream.
Maintenance of PDCP sequence number for radio
bearers that are configured to support lossless SRNS
relocation.

QoS mechanism in UTRAN

RLC
RLC mode
Transparent mode : no overhead is added to higher layer
data.
Unacknowledged mode: no retransmission protocol is
used and data delivery in not guaranteed.
Acknowledged mode: Automatic repeat request (ARQ)
mechanism is used for error correction.
RLC function:
segmentation and reassemble ;
ARQ error correction
ciphering

QoS mechanism in UTRAN

MAC function:
Priority handling between different data flow is done by MAC;
Transport Formation Selection , It control transport format for
each flow.

TFS

TFC

TF

TFCS

TrCH#1 TrCH#2 TrCH#3 TrCH#4

QoS mechanism in UTRAN

Mapping from QoS attributers to radio resource
Prameters

value

Radio resource mapping

Maximum bit rate (kbps)

128

Spreading factor =16

Maximum SDU size

1500

map to transport format

Residual BER

10-6

1/3 Turbo codec,

Acknowledged RLC

Delivery of erroneous SDU

No

RLC configuration

Transfer delay

Na

interlever 10-80 ms

Guaranteed bit rate

64

Spreading factor =64

SDU error ratio

1%

Set appropriate threshold

for open loop power
control

delivery order

yes

RLC configuration