HISTORY

The genesis of Escorts goes back to 1944 when two brothers, Mr. H. P. Nanda and Mr.
Yudi Nanda, launched a small agency house, Escorts Agents Ltd. in Lahore. Over the
years, Escorts has surged ahead and evolved into one of India's largest
conglomerates. In this journey of six decades, Escorts has had the privilege of being
associated with some of the world leaders in the engineering manufacturing space
like Minneapolis Moline, Massey Ferguson, Goetze, Mahle, URSUS, CEKOP, Ford
Motor Company, J C Bamford Excavators, Yamaha, Claas, Carraro, Lucky Goldstar, First
Pacific Company, Hughes Communications, Jeumont Schneider, Dynapac . These
valued relationships be it technological or marketing, are our highly cherished
experiences treasures, which have helped us inculcate best in class manufacturing
practices and to emerge as a technologically independent world class engineering
organization.

POWERTRAC& FARMTRAC
Powertrac series from Escorts Ltd. has been engineered with the use of the most
modern technology to redefine power and performance. The series has a wide
range of tractors with powerful engines and pollution norms.
Powertrac series comprises of tractors with transmission choices, powerful PTO,
advance hydraulics and ergonomic design besides other salient features

BACKGROUND

In 1960, Escorts set up the strategic Agri Machinery Group (AMG) to venture into tractors.

In 1965, we rolled out our first batch of tractors under the brand name of Escort.
In 1969 a separate company, Escorts Tractors Ltd., was established with equity participation
of Ford Motor Co., Basildon, UK for the manufacture of Ford agricultural tractors in India.
In the year 1996 Escorts Tractors Ltd. formally merged with the parent company, Escorts
Ltd.
Since inception, we have manufactured over 1 million tractors.

GROUP
The Escorts Group, is among India's leading engineering conglomerates
operating in the high growth sectors of agri-machinery, construction &
material handling equipment, railway equipment and auto components.
Having pioneered farm mechanization in the country, Escorts has played a
pivotal role in the agricultural growth of India for over five decades. One of the
leading tractor manufacturers of the country, Escorts offers a comprehensive
range of tractors, more than 45 variants starting from 25 to 80 HP. Escort,
Farmtrac and Powertrac are the widely accepted and preferred brands of
tractors from the house of Escorts.
A leading material handling and construction equipment manufacturer, we
manufacture and market a diverse range of equipment like cranes, loaders,
vibratory rollers and forklifts. Escorts today is the world's largest Pick 'n' Carry
Hydraulic Mobile Crane manufacturer.

BOARD OF DIRECTORS

Mr. Rajan Nanda

Chairman
Mr. Nikhil Nanda
Joint Managing Director
Mr. Rohtash Mal
ED & CEO Agri Machinery Group
Mr. Kanwal Kishore Vij
ED & CEO Escorts Construction Equipment Limited (ECEL)
Mr. Vikram Singhal
ED & Business Head Engineering Division
Mr. G.B. Mathur
EVP Law & Company Secretary
Mr. O K Balraj
EVP & Group CFO
Mr. Ishan Mehta
EVP HR & ER

Topics

Introduction to fuse

Construction of fuse

Types of fuse

Working of fuse

Introduction to mcb

Parts of mcb

Difference between mcb

and fuse

concluding videos

NEED OF FUSE
In any electric installation, if the metallic part
of the electric appliance such as the metallic
frame, metal covering of cables etc. comes in

direct contact with a live wire, the metal will

begin to get charged since it is a good
conductor of electricity .
If a person comes in contact with the metallic
part then he will get a shock. so, to save the
person from the shock we need fuse and mcb.

INTRODUCTION OF FUSE
The basic purpose of the fuse is to protect

electrical appliance and is composed of an

alloy which has a low melting point. A strip
of this fuse is placed in series with the circuit.
The working principle is that if the current is

in excess then the strip would melt and break

the circuit.

 In

electronics and electrical engineering,

a fuse (from the French fuser, Italian fuso,
"spindle") is a type of low resistance resistor that
acts as a sacrificial device to provide over
current protection, of either the load or source
circuit.
Its essential component is a metal wire or strip
that melts when too much current flows, which
interrupts the circuit in which it is
connected.
Short
circuit,
overloading,
mismatched loads or device failure are the
prime reasons for excessive current.

CONSTRUCTION OF FUSE
The main components of a

standard fuse unit consist of

the following items:
I. Metal fuse element
II. Set of contacts
III. Support body
IV. Connection

 The fuse element is made of zinc, copper, silver,

aluminum, or alloys to provide stable and predictable

characteristics.
The fuse element may be surrounded by air, or by
materials intended to speed the quenching of the
arc. Silica sand or non-conducting liquids may be
used.
The fuse also consists of other components like Trigger
assembly spring , Heat absorber.

Types of
fuse

Low voltage
fuse

Rewireable
fuse

High
voltage fuse

Cartridge
fuse

REWIREABLE FUSE
This kind of fuse is most commonly used
in the case of domestic wiring and small
scale usage. Another name for this type is the
KIT-KAT type fuse. The main composition is
of a porcelain base which holds the wires.
The main advantage of this type of fuse is
that it is easy to install and also replace
without risking any electrical injury.
When there is an over surge that causes the
fuse element to blow off, you can replace it. A
new fuse carrier is inserted in the base.

CARTRIDGE FUSE

In this type of fuse, we have a completely

closed container and there are contacts

(metal) on either side. The level of sub
division in this case includes:
I. D type
II. Link Type
Link type fuses: In Link type, we further
have a knife blade type and a bolted type.
D Type Fuses: This cannot be interchanged
and comes with the following main
components: fuse base and cap, adapter
ring and the cartridge.

HIGH VOLTAGE FUSE

Fuses are used on power systems up to 115,000 volts

AC. High-voltage fuses are used to protect instrument

like transformers used for electricity metering, or for
small power transformers where the expense of
a circuit.
They are used in power supply networks and for
distribution uses. The most frequent application is in
transformer circuits, with further uses in motor
circuits and capacitor banks.
High-power fuse means that these fuses can interrupt
several kilo amperes. Some manufacturers have tested
their fuses for up to 63 kA cut-off current.

WORKING OF FUSE
Fuse will melt when the current exceeds its maximum

current rating. By melting , the fuse thus destroys a

portion of the conducting path. This stops the current
from flowing in the rest of the circuit.
When the fuse melt, the fuse element absorbs some
energy. This energy is given by I2t where I is peak value
of current interrupted and t is the time taken to clear
the fault.
When the fuse blows , it gives an indication that there
is some mal functioning in the circuit.

VIDEO SHOWING
FUNCTIONING OF FUSE

INTRODUCTION OF MCB
A Miniature circuit breaker is a manually or
automatically operated electrical switch designed
to protect an electrical circuit from damage caused
by overload or short circuit.
Its basic function is to detect a fault condition and
interrupt current flow.
Unlike a fuse, which operates once and then must
be replaced, a circuit breaker can be reset (either
manually or automatically) to resume normal
operation.

 Circuit breakers are made in varying

sizes, from small devices that protect
an individual household appliance
up to large switchgear designed to
protect high voltage circuits feeding
an entire city.

SYMBOL OF MCB

Miniature circuit = switch + trip unit breaker (MCB)

DIMENSION OF MCB
44 maxi
21.3

width

81
35

45
maxi

symmetrical
rail

external
part
depth

10 maxi

60

PARTS OF MINIATURE CIRCUIT

BREAKERS
C60N

NC100 / NC125
termina
l
bimetral strip

termina
l
fixed contact

strip braid

moving
contact
strip braid

moving
contact
magnetic trip
load side
terminal

magnetic
trip
strip braid
bimetal strip
load side
terminal

SOME IMPORTANT PARTS OF

MCB

1.Actuator lever - used to manually trip and reset the circuit

breaker. Also indicates the status of the circuit breaker (On or

Off/tripped).
2.Actuator mechanism - forces the contacts together or apart.
3.Contacts - Allow current when touching and break the current
when moved apart.
4.Terminals
5.Bimetallic strip.
6.Calibration screw - allows the manufacturer to precisely adjust
the trip current of the device after assembly.
7.Solenoid
8.Arc divider/extinguisher

OVERLOAD PROTECTION
Current

Limiting
Breakers
use
an
electromechanical (Thermal /Magnetic) trip unit
to open the breaker contacts during a over current
event. The thermal trip unit is temperature
sensitive and the magnetic trip unit is current
sensitive. Both units act independently and
mechanically with the breakers trip mechanism to
open the breakers contacts.
MCB miniature circuit breakers instantaneous
trip unit interrupts a short circuit in 2.3 to 2.5
milliseconds, and stops the flow of current

Thermal Trip Unit

The

thermal trip unit protects against a

continuous overload. The thermal unit is
comprised of a bimetal element located behind
the circuit breaker trip bar and is part of the
breakers current carrying path.
When there is an overload, the increased current f
low heats the bimetal causing it to bend. As the
bimetal bends it pulls the trip bar which opens the
breakers contacts.

 The time required for the

bimetal to bend and trip the

breaker varies inversely with
the current. Because of this, the
tripping time becomes quicker
as current increases in
magnitude . Overload
protection is applicable to any
installation, conductor, or
component which can be
subjected to low-magnitude
but longtime over currents

Current Flowing Through MCB

Magnetic trip unit

The Magnetic trip unit protects against a short circuit.

The magnetic trip unit is comprised of an

electromagnet and an armature. When there is a short
circuit, a high magnitude of current passes through
the coils creating a magnetic field that attracts the
movable armature towards the fixed armature. The
hammer trip is pushed against the movable contact
and the contacts are opened. The opening of the
breakers contacts during a short circuit is complete in
.5 milli-seconds.

Magnetic trip unit

Arc runners / Arc chutes

The arc runner and arc chute limit and dissipate the

arc energy during the interruption of an overload or

short circuit event.
During an overload or short circuit event, the contacts
of the breaker separate and an electrical arc is formed
between the contacts through air.
The arc is moved into the arch chute by running the
arc down the interior of the breaker along the arc
runner. When the arc reaches the arc chute it is broken
into small segmented arcs.

COMPARISION BETWEEN MCB AND FUSE

MCB
MCB trips off in case of excessive
load.
MCB is to be just put-on after
correcting the fault in wiring
Since we do not change the MCB,
there is no risk of putting on the
MCB/switch even if the fault is not
correctly repaired.
Compact, small equipment.
Works on Bi-metal expansion or
induced magnetism.
Relatively costlier than fuse.

FUSE
Fuse melts/fuses in case of excessive
load.
Fuse needs to be replaced with a new
one.
There is a risk of putting on the
switch in case; due to ignorance
higher capacity fuse-wire is
positioned.
It has Porcelain base and top1`
Works on melting/fusing due to high
temperature.
Relatively cheaper than MCB.

BIBLIOGRAPHY
ELEMENTS OF ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING

(J.N SWAMY AND N.V SINHA)

INFORMATION FROM:WIKIPEDIA
ABBWORKS
PICTURES FROM :GOOGLE