MALNUTRITION ON THE
DEVELOPING CHILD
Yosfi Rahmi SGz. MSc. Psychologycal Aspect of
Nutrition
Jurusan Gizi FKUB Malang 2014
Objectives
By the end of this lecture, the students will
understand and describes:
Iron deficiency
The development of iron deficient children
Protein-energy malnutrition
PEM and Intellectual Development
Failure to thrive
Iron
Iron Functions
Iron is required for many essential bodily
functions, including:
oxygen transport,
ATP production,
DNA synthesis,
Mitochondrial function, and
Protection of cells from oxidative damage, etc
Iron Functions
2 months
haemoglobin levels
fall
(~16.5 g/dl to ~ 11.0
3/4 in
g/dl), physiological
haemoglobin anaemia of infancy
in circulating
iron released from
red blood
the haemoglobin is
cells
a rapid rise in stored elsewhere in the
body, leading to an
arterial
increase in serum
oxygen, and
ferritin levels.
red
cell synthesis
stops.
6 month
the synthesis
of red cells
starts again,
and iron
moves back
out of the iron
stores into the
newly
synthesised
haemoglobin.
The iron
stores last until
the infant is
about 6 months
old
Infants are
growing very
rapidly iron
requirements are
high.
Nearly a
milligram of iron
a day is needed
over the second
half of the first
year.
Human breast
milk contains
0.20.4 mg/l of
iron
Iron Deficiency
Protein-Energy Malnutrition
Protein-Energy Malnutrition
Protein-Energy Malnutrition
malnutrition leads to changes in the childs :
emotional state,
attention or activity levels which results in their
seeking less stimulation from the environment,
and this in its turn leads to their eliciting less
stimulation from their parents or other people
caring for them (Chavez & Martinez, 1975; Levitsky & Barnes,
1972),.
Failure to Thrive
Failure to Thrive
A diagnosis of feeding skills disorder:
1.
abnormal duration of feeding time.
2.
poor appetite.
3.
delayed texture tolerance
4.
deviant feeding behaviour, which include
refusing breast, bottle or solids, falling asleep,
being easily distracted and fussy eating.
All four were very common in children who failed
to thrive.
Failure to Thrive