Acoustic Impedence
It is defined as
2. Transverse waves
3. Surface waves
(1)Longitudinal waves
motion of particles in the medium parallel to direction of propagation of
wave.
can travel in solids, liquids and gases.
(2) Transverse waves
particles of the medium vibrate at right angles to the direction of propagation
of the wave
each particle exhibit a force of attraction to its neighbour.
velocity which is 50% that of longitudinal velocity for the same material.
Surface waves
can propagate over the surface of a part without much penetrating
below that surface to any extent.
also called as Rayleigh waves.
Velocity of surface wave is 90% of shear wave velocity.
UTRASONIC TRANSDUCERS
There are two types of ultrasonic transducers that are
1.Piezoelectric transducers
2.Magnetostrictive transducers.
PIEZOELECTRIC TRANSDUCERS :
There are two general classes of piezoelectric materials.
oThose that are naturally piezoelectric. The examples of this class are
Naturally occurring crystal of quartz
Tourmaline
oThose that are piezoelectric only after they have received special treatment.
The examples of this class are
Barium titanate
lead zirconate
Ultrasonic (Cont.)
Magnetostriction transducer
It is a device that is used to convert mechanical energy into magnetic
energy and vice versa.
Can also be called as an electro-magneto mechanical device
Such a device can be used as a sensor and also for actuation of transducer.
Principle of operation
depends on the change of permeability of ferromagnetic
material when they subjected to strain.
(2)
Resonance method
Measurement of displacement
Flow measurement
Measurement of temperature
Liquid level measurement
Density measurement
Thickness measurement
Flaw detection
Ultrasonic Setup
CONT.
Using the measured sound speed and density data
adiabatic compressibility
isothermal compressibility
intermolecular free length
can be calculated as a function of pressure at various temperatures (isotherms).
REFERENCES
1.
Acosta, G. M., Smith, R. L., & Arai, K. (1996). High-pressure PVT behavior of natural fats and oils,
trilaurin, triolein, and n-tridecane from 303 K to 353 K from atmospheric pressure to 150 MPa. Journal of
the Chemical Engineering Data, 41,961e969.
2.
Acosta, G. M., Smith, R. L., & Arai, K. (1996). High-pressure PVT behavior of natural fats and oils,
trilaurin, triolein, and n-tridecane from 303 K to 353 K from atmospheric pressure to 150 MPa. Journal of
the Chemical Engineering Data, 41,961e969.
3.
Kie1czynski, P., Szalewski, M., Rostocki, A. J., Zduniak, M., Siegoczynski, R. M., & Balcerzak, A. (2009).
Investigation of high-pressure phase transitions in vegetable oils by measuring phase velocity of
longitudinal ultrasonic waves. In IEEE international ultrasonics symposium proceedings (pp.
1563e1566).Rome.
4.
Application of ultrasonic wave celerity measurement for evaluation of physicochemical properties of olive
oil at high pressure and various temperatures P. Kie1czynski a,*, M. Szalewski a, A. Balcerzak a, K. Wieja
a, A.J. Rostocki b, R.M. Siegoczynski b, S. Ptasznik
5.