Session 2: Introduction to

Communications, Knowledge and

Information
Kyaw Myo Min

Paradigm shift of
data, information management to
knowledge management
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Definitions of Communication
The process of sending and receiving
messages
Shared understanding is the key to effective
communication
Communication is a two-way process of giving
and receiving info through one or more
number of channels.

Definitions of Data
Data is a set of discrete, objective facts
about events.
In an organizational context, data is most
usefully described as structured records of
transactions.
Data is essential raw material for the
creation of information. (letters, numbers,
symbols, sounds, images)

Definitions of Information
Collection of Data is called Information
Data becomes information when its creator
adds meaning. (organized and arranged into
a form that people can understand and use)
Information is data endowed with relevance
and purpose.

Definitions of Knowledge
Knowledge is information within peoples mind
Knowledge consists of truths, and beliefs, perspectives
and concepts, judgments and expectations,
methodologies and know-how.
Knowledge is the whole set of insights, experiences, and
procedures that are considered correct and true and
that therefore guide the thoughts, behaviors, and
communications of the people.

Knowledge is reasoning about the information and data

to actively enable performance, problem-solving,
decision-making, learning, and teaching.

Data, Information, and Knowledge

Data: Unorganized and unprocessed facts;
static; a set of discrete facts about events

Information: Aggregation of data that makes

decision making easier

Knowledge is derived from information in the

same way information is derived from data; it is
a persons range of information

Difference between Data, Information & Knowledge

Definition

Example

Data is basically just raw facts and

figures. No single piece of data can be
useful by itself, as it does not provide
good business information.

The number 37 is data.

Information is data which has been

processed and has now got some
meaning behind it.

37% of people eat junk food

every day.

Knowledge is an understanding of the

information which has been given.

Those 37% of people lead a

very unhealthy lifestyle which
could lead to bad problems.

WISD
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Know
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Infor
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WISD

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Know

Inf

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Relating Data, Information, and

Knowledge to Events
Knowledge

Information
System

Information

Use of
information

Decision

Events

Knowledge

Data

Purposes of Data, Information & Knowledge

WHY use Data, Information and

Knowledge?

WHEN use them?

Purposes of Data, Information & Knowledge

Planning (resources, possibilities)

Monitoring & Controlling (activities implementation)

Recording Transactions (Documentation)

Performance Measurement (costs, revenues,

volumes, time scales & profitability)

Decision Making

Any Questions!
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