Communicable Disease

Introduction:
Communicable Diseases is one of
the major public health problems
in the Philippines. Most of the
leading causes of morbidity in the
Philippines are attributed to
communicable diseases.

Top 10 causes of morbidity

Rank

Diseases

Rate per 100, 000 population

Acute Respiratory
infection

1, 203.0

Acute lower RI and

pneumonia

612.6

Bronchitis

380.7

Hypertension

366.3

Acute watery
diarrhea

354.5

Influenza

297.7

UTI

91.0

TB

80.9

Accidents

54.9

10

Injuries

38.9

TUBERCULOSIS:

TB is one of the oldest and

deadly disease worldwide
(Enarson, 2000).
WHO reported that 9 million
new cases of TB in 2011, 1.4
million TB death

Etiology:
Causative agents:
Mycobacterium tuberculosis and M. africanum
Mode of transmission:
Airborne droplet

Incubation Period:
4-6 weeks

Signs and symptoms:

Fever
Loss

of appetite
Easy fatigability
Night sweats
Dry cough
Later productive with hemoptysis, chest pain

Prevention
Consider

immunizations for:
Influenza
Hepatitis A
Chicken pox

Management:

People with latent TB infection should be

evaluated for a course of preventive therapy,
which usually includes taking antituberculosis
medication for several months. People with
active TB disease must complete a course of
treatment for six months or more. Initial
treatment includes at least four anti-TB drugs,
and medications may be altered based on
laboratory test results.

The exact medication plan must be determined by

a physician. Directly observed therapy (DOT)
programs are recommended for all TB patients to
help them complete their therapy.

Viral Hepatitis

Hepatitis A
Fecal-oral

contact
Children, young adults
Most infections subclinical or
very mild
Does not cause chronic liver
disease or carrier state

Hepatitis B
Parenteral

transmission (blood,
dirty needles)
Sexual transmission
Can cause liver failure, necrotic
cirrhosis
Can cause carrier state

Viral Hepatitis
Signs/Symptoms

Anorexia
Malaise
Nausea, vomiting
Fever
Joint pain
Dark urine, jaundice

Viral Hepatitis
Vaccine,

immune serum globulin

available for both A and B

Meningitis

Meningitis
Inflammation

of membranes
covering brain, spinal cord
Bacteria, viruses, fungi
Bacterial forms most serious

Bacterial Meningitis
Signs/Symptoms

Headache
Nausea
Fever
Stiff neck

Rapid

progression to delirium,
coma, seizures

Bacterial Meningitis
Neissera

meningitidis
Petechiae
Ecchymosis
Septic shock

Bacterial Meningitis
Avoid

contact with oral secretions

Not transmissible by breathing same
air as patient
If close contact occurs, Rifampin
600mg bid 2d

HIV/AIDS

Acquired Immunodeficiency
Syndrome (AIDS)

infection Human
immunodeficiency virus (HIV)
Damage to helper T cells suppresses
immune system
Viral

AIDS
Recurring

opportunistic infections

Pneumocystis carini pneumonia

Kaposis sarcoma
Candida albicans

HIV/AIDS
Transmitted

by blood, semen, vaginal

secretions
Contact with tears, saliva, sweat will not
cause infection
Cannot be transmitted by casual contact
Wash hands, wear gloves, needle
precautions