Cultural Diversity

Managing Diversity within and Across Culture
Slide 12.1
Browaeys and Price, Understanding Cross-cultural Management, 1st Edition, Pearson Education Limited 2009
1.1. The Nature of Culture

The word culture comes from Latin
cultura , which refers to cult or worship.
In management aspect, culture means
acquired knowledge that people use to
interpret experience and generate social
behavior.
This knowledge forms values, creates
attitudes, and influences behavior.
Slide 12.2

1.1.1. Cultural diversity
Using graphics to depict cultural diversity:
Concentric circles
The implicit assumption

that guides peoples
behavior
The norms and values
that guide the society
The explicit artifacts and
products of the society
Slide 12.3

1.1.1. Cultural diversity
Using graphics to depict cultural diversity:
Normal distribution: comparing cultures as
overlapping normal distribution and stereotyping
from the cultural extremes
Slide 12.4

Caracteristics of culture:
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
Learned
Shared
Transgenerational
Symbolic
Patterned
Adaptive
If international managers do not know

something about cultures of the countries
they deal with, the results can be quite
disastrous. For example: Asians name.
Slide 12.5
CULTURAL MESSAGES COME FROM

MULTIPLE SOURCES
Domestic
International
Global
although most common challenges are addressed by
nations, a global civil society is emerging
Slide 12.6
Management of cultural
differences
Globalization of companies seems to be:
- linked to cultural diversity of organizations
- connected to internationalization of organizations
Effects of the globalization process on

managerial functions
The way executives conceive the interaction
between different cultures
Strategy of proclamation or strategy of
learning.
Slide 12.7
Management culture
There are three types in multinationals:
Dominant management culture
a copy of the multinationals home country
Dominant transnational management culture

created by the mothers company
Minimum management culture

leaving room for national culture
Two Roles: Integrating & adapting
Slide 12.8
What is diversity?
Notion of diversity
Individual characteristics
Characteristics of an individual such as:
- Work background
- Geographical situation
- Education
In the business life managers see their

employees:
- As individuals
- With the characteristics of a specific group
Slide 12.9
Diversity and transnational

organization
Managers perceive diversity as a source of both
problems and advantages
Problems caused by cultural diversity
- communication and integration-especially when
employees required to think & act in the same way.
- practices adopted by the organization across

board-e.g. same marketing campaign
the
Diversity among employees :

- may cause misunderstandings
- obstruct team work and productivity
Slide 12.10
Advantages of cultural diversity

Multinationals are described as being
- More flexible
- Open to new ideas
- More aware of consumers needs
Diversity is considered an advantage when the concern
needs to:
- Reposition itself
- Generate ideas
- Develop projects
- Open itself to fresh perspectives
Alder (2002)
Slide 12.11
What is competence?
Slide 12.12
An individual surrounded with the Adversity in Diversity of

Organization
Racism
Rumor
Misconception ,
doubt, confusion
Regionalism
Vices (
Attachment , ego
, jealousy , hatred
)
Individual
Interrelationship
war at family at
job place
Faceism
(appearance )
Youthism ,
Age
Slide 12.13
Group
war
Flow of Mental Energy into Mechanical energy to Manage Diversities with success
Vision, Aim
and
Objective,
Mindset( Attitude,
perception,
understanding)
Skill Set/IQ
EQ(Emotional Quotient)
SQ(Spiritual Quotient)
Success or
Failure
Action
Slide 12.14
Behavior
Self or an individual interacting with the Internal and External Environment
Changes in Natural
environment ,
Climatic disorder
Terrorism,
International war ,
civil war
Moral Crisis in
Business
Technological
Changes
Person
Continuous
Changes in Govt
Policies
Family Problems
Rapid Changes in
Business
environment
Slide 12.15
Changing Trend ,
Taste , Preferences
with time
Spiritualism ,yoga,
values , ethics by
mass
Mental Obesity
Slide 12.16
To mange Diversity mind should be fast and light

Unnecessary waste thoughts
Easily get tired of thinking
Overloading of unnecessary information
Universal Thinking versus Globalisation

Division, Wall blockages
of thoughts in the mind
Unity and Universality
of thoughts process
Globalization is faster
then common
professional state of
mind
Slide 12.17
Group
Two or more interacting individuals who come
together to achieve some objectives.
Groups can be either formal or informal, and
further subclassified into command, task,
interest, or friendship categories.
Slide 12.18
Team
A specific type of group where an
emphasis is put on some level of member
interdependence and on achievement of
common goals
All teams are groups
Some groups are just people assembled together
Teams have task interdependence whereas some
groups do not (e.g., group of employees enjoying lunch
together)
Slide 12.19
Reasons for Team Popularity

Outperform individuals on tasks requiring
multiple skills, judgment, and experience
Better utilization of employee talents
More flexible and responsive to changing events
Facilitate employee participation in operating

decisions
Effective in democratizing the organization and
increasing employee involvement and motivation
Slide 12.20
Basic Group Concepts

Group Roles
Group Norms
Expected Patterns of
Behavior Based on a
Given Position in a
Social Unit
Acceptable Standards
of Behavior Shared
by the Members
of a Group
Slide 12.21
Cohesiveness
Social-Oriented Cohesiveness: The degree to
which members of the group are attracted
to each other and motivated to stay in the
group
Task-Oriented Cohesiveness: The degree to

which group members work together,
cooperate and coordinate their activity in
order to achieve group goals
Slide 12.22
Team Effectiveness Model

Organizational and
Team Environment
Reward systems
Communication
systems
Team Design
Task characteristics
Team size
Organizational
structure
Organizational
leadership
Slide 12.23
Achieve
Team composition
organizational
goals
Team Processes
Satisfy member
needs
Physical space
Organizational
environment
Team
Effectiveness
Team development
Team norms
Team roles
Team cohesiveness
Maintain team
survival
Dynamics of Team Diversity

Social Context
Org. Context
Group
Dynamics
Diversity
Surface
Deep
Slide 12.24
Affective
Reactions
Cohesion
Satisfaction
Commitment
Team
Behaviours
Communication
Conflict
Cooperation
Long-term
Conseq.
Performance
Promotion
Turnover
Slide 12.25
Slide 12.26

Cultural Diversity

Diunggah oleh

Informasi Dokumen

Hak Cipta

Format Tersedia

Bagikan dokumen Ini

Bagikan atau Tanam Dokumen

Opsi Berbagi

Apakah menurut Anda dokumen ini bermanfaat?

Apakah konten ini tidak pantas?

Hak Cipta:

Format Tersedia

Cultural Diversity

Diunggah oleh

Hak Cipta:

Format Tersedia

Managing Diversity within and Across Culture

1.1. The Nature of Culture

1.1. The Nature of Culture

The implicit assumption

1.1. The Nature of Culture

1.1. The Nature of Culture

If international managers do not know

CULTURAL MESSAGES COME FROM

Effects of the globalization process on

Dominant transnational management culture

Minimum management culture

In the business life managers see their

Diversity and transnational

- practices adopted by the organization across

Diversity among employees :

Advantages of cultural diversity

An individual surrounded with the Adversity in Diversity of

Self or an individual interacting with the Internal and External Environment

To mange Diversity mind should be fast and light

Universal Thinking versus Globalisation

Reasons for Team Popularity

Facilitate employee participation in operating

Basic Group Concepts

Task-Oriented Cohesiveness: The degree to

Team Effectiveness Model

Dynamics of Team Diversity

Anda mungkin juga menyukai