AM_BT02_E1_P3

VLAN & ADSL Introduction

V1.1

A10&DSL D&T Group

Course Outline

VLAN introduction

ADSL principle

VLAN introduction
1. VLAN conception:
VLANVirtual LAN:
LAN can be the network which consist of few appliance
computers, also it can be certain corporation network which is
composed of hundreds of computers.

VLAN introduction

One VLAN is a broadcast domain

VLAN introduction
2. Why must create VLAN ?
If in the following network, computer A should communicate
computer B.

B
Switch 1

Switch 3
Switch 2

Switch 4

Switch 5

VLAN introduction

Switch 1
ARP Request
Broadcast
Switch 4

Switch 3

Switch 2
Switch 5

Broadcast frame will be

transferred to every
computer of this network,
and be the CPU burden of
every computer.

VLAN introduction
In fact, the broadcast frame will often occur.
Lead to the waste of bandwidth and CPU.
VLAN: we can design VLAN structure at random.

VLAN introduction
3. Realize VLAN mechanism
VLAN limits the range in which broadcast frame can be
transferred to divide the broadcast area.
Switch

Broadcast
frame
Broadcast
frame

Broadcast
area

Switch received the

broadcast frame, then
only transferred to the
other ports which
belong to the same
VLAN.

Broadcast
area

VLAN introduction
switch

VLAN introduction
4. How to communicate between different VLAN?
1) Access link
Access link is always belong to single VLAN, and only send
data frame to his belonging VLAN. In most case, access link is
linkage with client station.
2) Trunk link
Trunk link also call Tagged Link, it is kind of port be able to
support multi different VLAN communication. The data frame
on the trunk link are enclosed an indicator to identify the frame
belongs to which VLAN.

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VLAN introduction
Access Links

An access link is a link that is a member of only one VLAN

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VLAN introduction

Trunk Link

A trunk link is capable of carrying multiple VLANs

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VLAN introduction
VLAN1

VLAN1 VLAN2 VLAN3

Trunk link

Access link

VLAN1
VLAN3
VLAN2
VLAN3

VLAN2

Specifically developed for multi-VLAN, inter-switch

communications
Places a unique identifier in header of each frame

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VLAN introduction
3) Access Ports

An Access port can only belong to one VLAN

4) Trunk Ports

Trunk ports carry data belonging to several VLANs

Trunk ports use tagging to identify which VLAN a packet is
associated with Trunk ports are IEEE 802.1q compliant
The purpose of Trunk Ports is to span a VLAN across several
devices (DSLAM, Switch or Router)

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VLAN introduction
Access Ports
Red VLAN

Access Ports
Red VLAN

Access Ports
Blue VLAN

Access Ports
Blue VLAN

RS1

RS2

Trunk Port

Access Ports Green VLAN

Access Ports Green VLAN

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VLAN introduction
5. IEEE802.1Q protocol:
Dot One Q, one protocol to add identification information for
the data frames.
Based on IEEE802.1Q, the adding information just like tag, so
its also been called as Tagging VLAN.

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VLAN introduction
Ethernet Version 2

Destination MAC
address

6Bytes

Source MAC
address

6Bytes

Type

data

2Bytes

IEEE802.1Q

2Bytes

Destination MAC
address

Source MAC
address

6Bytes

6Bytes
0x8100

TPID

CRC

4Bytes

461500Bytes

2Bytes
TCI

Type

2Bytes

data

CRC

461500Bytes

Including 12bit
VLAN identifier

4Bytes

CRC is been count

again.

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VLAN introduction
6. Tagged configuration principle
For SNI, trunk link should be configured as tagged;

For UNI, the port directly connecting to computer ( terminal)

should be configured as untagged.

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Course Outline

VLAN introduction

ADSL principle

19

Voice Service

Switching Module

Wiring rack

PSTN

Optic
Fiber

Copper Cable

Subscribers

Office

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Narrowband Internet Access Mode

Switching Module

Wiring rack

PSTN

Subscribers

Optic
Fiber

Copper Cable

Office

1By common Modem: 56kbit/s

2By ISDN: 128kbit/s

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ADSL principle
Switching
Module

MDF

PSTN
Splitter
Copper
Cable

ATM/IP

A I A A
D C D L
L S L C

10BaseT
ATU-R

Subscriber
MSAN

Office
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ADSL principle
what is ADSL?
ADSLAsymmetric Digital Subscriber Line

Features:
1. ADSL is a type of accessing technology.
2. It is possible to transmit both voice and high-speed data signals
without affecting one another,

3. Different frequencies are assigned to voice and high-speed data

signals:
Voice0-4KHz

Data uplink 30KHz--138KHz

downlink 138KHz--1.1MHz

4. Data Signal Rate: max. downlink rate: 8Mbps, max. uplink rate:
1Mbps, max. transmit distance: 4.5~5km

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ADSL principle

ADSL Channel Frequency Allocation (Frequency-division

multiplexing )
POTS

4kHz

Uplink channel

30kHz

Downlink channel

138kHz

1.104MHz

FDM

POTS
ordinary
call
signals : 04kHz

uplink signals : 30138kHz

4kHz

30kHz

138kHz

downlink signals: 1381104kHz

1.104MHz

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G.DMT Discrete Multi-Tone

Figure shows the G.DMT spectrum with indication of the POTS,

upstream pilot tone, downstream pilot tone, subcarrier spacing, and
number of subcarriers for the upstream and downstream direction.
The underlying modulation technique is based on QAM.
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ADSL principle
Interleave channelAdd an interleaving process to solve
burst out defects by dispersing the wrong sub-channels, and
then recalculating and rearranging channels to increase their
anti-defect ability. They are long waiting time and high
reliability channels for data transmission.
Fast-only channelShort waiting time, fast speed and low
reliability channel without interleaving process. It is fit for
transmitting video and voice data of high real time and low
reliability requirement.

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ADSL principle
The ADSL transmission rate, especially downlink rate,
depends on the line distance absolutely.

Factors affect line transmission quality: line distance, cable

specifications, with/without bridge connector and interference
on the line.
Line attenuation is in active rate with line distance and
frequency, and is in negative rate with cable diameter, so that,
when talk about ADSL performance, the cable specifications
and line distance must be instructed.
Commonly, within 2 km, line distance does small influence
upon ADSL transmission rate. But over 2 km, ADSL
transmission rate will drop rapidly while line distance increases.

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DSL COMPARISON

SHDSL

Customer Premises

SHDSL

Data
SYMMETRIC

Data

DSL Network
High-level Architecture
SHDSL (Single-Pair High Bit Rate DSL)
One wire pair Symmetric transmission
Data rates variable rates of 192 kbps ~ 2.312 Mbps
Distance up to 5.5 km

Data

VDSL

VDSL

Data

VDSL (Very High Data Rate DSL)

One wire pair Eight variable line rates operating distances
Autorate plug-n-play configuration Data rates up to 13/52 Mbps
Distance up to 1.5 km

Data

ADSL

ADSL

Data

ASYMMETRIC

Network Service Provider

ADSL (Asymmetric DSL)

POTS

One wire pair Asymmetric transmission

Data rates from 1.5Mbps/64kbps to 8Mbps/1024kbps with POTS
Distance up to 5.5 km

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