Cerebrum

Cerebrum = largest portion

-left and right cerebral hemispheres divided by the longitudinal fissure

-connected by the corpus callosum
-folded into ridges and grooves: grooves = sulci
-sulci divide the cerebrum into lobes
-ridges = gyri (gyrus)

many gyri and sulci

have specific names
e.g. Central sulcus
Frontal and parietal
lobes

Cerebrum
-cerebrum is comprised of white and
gray matter:
1. white matter - neurons with
long, myelinated axons
-organized into tracts
-three categories of tracts
a. commisural join areas
between hemispheres
e.g. corpus callosum
b. association joins areas within
a hemisphere
c. projection joins cerebrum to
brain stem

 brain contains fluid-filled chambers =

Ventricles
Chambers in central passageway of the brain
2 lateral ventricles, 1 third ventricle, 1 fourth
ventricle
connects to the central canal which runs into
the spinal canal
These chambers contain cerebrospinal fluid

Protection: CSF

III
II
V
VI
VII
IX
X

VIII

Cervical
and lumbar
enlargements

Dorsal
Ramus

Ventral
Ramus

Dorsal Root
ganglion

Dorsal
Root

Spinal nerve

Ventral
Root

Dorsal
Ramus

Dorsal
Root
Ventral
Ramus

Ventral
Root

Rami
Communicantes

The Cervical and Brachial Plexus

The Lumbar and Sacral Plexuses,

Right Atrium

Receives blood from 3 sources

Interatrial septum partitions the atria

Fossa ovalis is a remnant of the fetal
foramen ovale
Tricuspid valve

Right atrium

Interatrial septum
Tricuspid AV valve

superior vena cava, inferior vena cava

and coronary sinus

Blood flows through into right ventricle

has three cusps composed of dense CT
covered by endocardium

Papillary muscle

Chordae tendinae

Semilunar Valves
(pulmonary)

SA
node
Bundle of His

Bundle
branches

AV
node

Purkinje
fibers

20-16

Left
Common
Carotid

Brachiocephalic
Trunk

Left
Subclavian

Superior
Vena
Cava

Aortic Arch

Ascending
Aorta
Pericardium

Left
Common
Carotid

Left
Subclavian

Aortic Arch

Parietal
Pricardium
Diaphragm

Right Conus artery

Left coronary
artery

Left
Marginal
Artery & vein

Right coronary
artery

Anterior
Interventricular

Small cardiac
vein

Great
Cardiac
Vein

Right
Marginal
artery

Anterior
Interventricular

Green dots on veins

Great
Cardiac
Vein

Circumflex
artery
Posterior
Interventricular
Artery
(right & left)
Coronary
Sinus

Green dots on veins

vertebral
thyrocervical
suprascapular

thoracoacromial
Common
Carotid
subscapular

circumflex humeral

deep radial

brachial

radial collateral
ulnar collateral

brachial

ulnar

radial

Ulnar
collateral

Radial collateral
brachial

Common
interosseous

ulnar

radial

interosseous

Deep palmar arch

Superficial palmar arch

Digital arteries

posterior
auricular

superficial temporal

maxillary

occipital
internal
carotid

external
carotid

carotid
sinus
facial
lingual

superior
thyroid

Inferior
Vena Cava

Celiac
Superior
Mesenteric
Renal

Gonadal
Inferior
mesenteric
Common
Iliac

Left
Gastric

Hepatic
Proper
Common
Hepatic

Splenic
Splenic
Vein
Celiac
trunk

Inferior
Mesenteric

Left
Colic
Artery
Sigmoid
Superior
Rectal

Common iliac

External iliac
Internal iliac

Ascending br
Of Lateral circumflex

Lateral circumflex

Obturator

Deep femoral
Medial
circumflex
Descending br
Of Lateral circumflex

Femoral

Femoral

Deep Femoral

Genicular

Descending br
Of Lateral circumflex

Genicular
Arteries of the
Knee

Anterior
Tibial

Eustacian tube
With tubal tonsil

Parotid

Sublingual

Submandibular

Thoracic
Aorta

Esophagus

Diaphragm

Liver

FUNDUS

BODY

PYLORIC REGION
PANCREAS

DUODENUM

Lesser
Omentum
Liver
Stomach

Gallbladder
Transverse
Colon
Ascending
Colon
Small
Intestine

Descending
Colon

Mesentery of
Small Intestine

Right & Left

Hepatic Ducts
Common
Hepatic
Duct
Pancreatic
Duct

Gallbladder

Cystic Duct

Ampulla of Vater

Common Bile Duct

Hepatic
Portal
Vein
Common
Bile
Duct

Splenic
Vein
Superior
Mesenteric
Vein

Inferior
Mesenteric
Vein

kidney

URETER

URETER

BLADDER

Renal Papilla

Minor
Calyx
Major
Calyx

Renal
Pyramid

Renal
Cortex

Renal
Pelvis
Renal
Medulla

URETER

Bladder
Rectum
Prostate
Prostatic
Urethra

Corpus
spongiosum

Membranous
Urethra
Spongy/
Penile
Urethra
Testes

Corpus
cavernosum

Glans
Penis

External
Urethral Orifice

Corpus
cavernosum

Spongy/
Penile
Urethra

Corpus
spongiosum

Vas Deferens
Spermatic
Cord

Epididymus
Testes

pampiniform
plexus
Vas
deferens
testicular artery

Epididymus
Seminiferous
Tubules

Tunica Albuginea
Tunica Vaginalis

-testis: develop internally near the kidneys and descend through the inguinal canal during the
latter half of the seventh month gestation
-covered by several protection membranes
1. tunica vaginalis serous membrane derived from the peritoneum, forms during the descent
of the testes
-injury to the testes can cause an accumulation of fluid within the membrane =
hydrocele
-allows for easier movement of the testes within the scrotum
2. tunica albuginea internal to the TV
-extends inward to divide the testes into lobules (200-300)
-each lobule contains 1 to 3 coiled seminiferous tubules for sperm production

Round
ligament

Broad
ligament

Fundus

Fornix

Body

Cervix

Bladder

Fundus
Ovary

Bladder

Fimbrae of
oviduct

Rectum

Fallopian
Tube
(oviduct)

Vaginal canal
Urethra
External urethral orifice
Labia minora

Labia majora

Vaginal orifice