Transfer Mode
(ATM)
Networks: ATM
One-way batch
Two-way batch
One-way interactive
Two-way interactive
Web traffic
voice messages
Mbone broadcasts
video conferencing
Backbone
Networks: ATM
Networks: ATM
Voice
AAL
A/D
s1 , s2
cells
Video
AAL
Compression
A/D
picture frames
AAL
Data
Bursty variable-length
packets
Copyright 2000 The McGraw Hill Companies
cells
compressed
frames
Networks: ATM
cells
Figure 9.3
MUX
Wasted bandwidth
Images
TDM
4
ATM
Networks: ATM
`
4
Figure 7.37
ATM
ATM standard (defined by CCITT) is widely
accepted by common carriers as mode of operation
for communication particularly BISDN.
ATM is a form of cell switching using small fixedsized packets.
Basic ATM Cell Format
5 Bytes
Header
Copyright 2000 The McGraw Hill Companies
48 Bytes
Payload
Leon-Garcia & Widjaja: Communication Networks
Networks: ATM
Figure 9.1
Private ATM
network
Private
UNI
X
Private
NNI
Public ATM
network A
X
NNI
Public
UNI
X
B-ICI
Public ATM
network B
X
Public
UNI
X
Leon-Garcia & Widjaja: Communication Networks
Networks: ATM
Figure 9.5
ATM Connections
Networks: ATM
10
Virtual Channels
Networks: ATM
Figure 7.40
11
12
VPI (4 bits)
VPI (4 bits)
VCI (4 bits)
ATM cell
header
VCI (8 bits)
VCI (4 bits)
PT (3 bits)
CLP
(1 bit)
HEC (8 bits)
Payload
(48 bytes)
Networks: ATM
Figure 9.7
13
voice 67
video 67
data 39
video 25
video 61
N
1
75
32
61
3
2
39
67
67
6 data 32
voice 32
25
32
Switch
video 75
Networks: ATM
Figure 7.38
14
VP3
a
b
c
d
e
ATM
Sw
1
VP5
ATM
Sw
2
ATM
DCC
ATM
Sw
3
b
c
VP2
VP1
ATM
Sw
4
Sw = switch
d
e
Networks: ATM
Figure 7.39
15
16
Management plane
Higher layers
Higher layers
Plane management
User plane
Layer management
Control plane
ATM layer
Physical layer
Copyright 2000 The McGraw Hill Companies
Networks: ATM
Figure 9.2
17
User
information
User
information
AAL
AAL
ATM
ATM
ATM
ATM
PHY
PHY
PHY
PHY
End system
Network
Networks: ATM
End system
Figure 9.4
18
19
ATM Architecture
An AAL is further divided into:
The Convergence Sublayer (CS)
manages the flow of data to and from SAR sublayer.
The Segmentation and Reassembly Sublayer
(SAR)
breaks data into cells at the sender and reassembles
cells into larger data units at the receiver.
Networks: ATM
20
Networks: ATM
21
ATM layer
Transmission
convergence
sublayer
Physical layer
Physical medium
dependent sublayer
Physical
medium
Copyright 2000 The McGraw Hill Companies
Networks: ATM
Figure 9.6
22
23
Networks: ATM
24
Description
Example
CBR
T1 circuit
RT-VBR
Real-time
videoconferencing
Multimedia email
ABR
UBR
Background file
transfer
NRT-VBR
Networks: ATM
25
26
AAL 1
(b) CS PDU with pointer in structured data transfer
47 Bytes
AAL 1
Pointer
1 Byte
46 Bytes
optional
CSI
1 bit
SNP
Seq. Count
3 bits
4 bits
Leon-Garcia & Widjaja: Communication Networks
Networks: ATM
Figure 9.11
27
AAL 1
Higher layer
b1
b2
b3
CS PDUs
Convergence
sublayer
47
47
47
SAR PDUs
SAR sublayer
ATM layer
1 47
1 47
1 47
48
ATM Cells
48
48
Networks: ATM
Figure 9.10
28
AAL 3/4
CS
and
SAR
PDUs
(a) CPCS-PDU format
Trailer
Header
CPI Btag BASize
2
(bytes)
1 - 65,535
(bytes)
0-3 1 1
2
(bytes)
Header
(2 bytes)
ST SN MID
2 4 10
(bits)
Copyright 2000 The McGraw Hill Companies
44
(bytes)
Leon-Garcia & Widjaja: Communication Networks
Networks: ATM
LI CRC
6 10
(bits)
Figure 9.16
29
AAL 3/4
Higher layer
Information
User message
Service specific
convergence
sublayer
Common part
convergence
sublayer
SAR sublayer
Assume null
PAD
Information
2 44
ATM layer
Copyright 2000 The McGraw Hill Companies
2 44 2
2 44
Figure 9.15
Leon-Garcia & Widjaja: Communication Networks
Networks: ATM
30
AAL 5
Convergent Sublayer Format
Information
0 - 65,535
(bytes)
Pad
UU CPI
0-47
1
1
(bytes)
Length CRC
2
SAR Format
ATM
Header
48 bytes of Data
1-bit end-of-datagram field (PTI)
Networks: ATM
Figure 9.19
31
AAL 5
Information
Higher layer
Service specific
convergence
sublayer
Assume null
Common part
convergence
sublayer
SAR sublayer
PAD
Information
48
(0)
48
(0)
48
(1)
Figure 9.18
ATM layer
PTI = 0
PTI = 1
PTI = 0
Networks: ATM
Leon-Garcia & Widjaja: Communication Networks
32