GTU 5th Sem.

(2014)
Parshwa Engineering Classes

Definition :
Estimating is the technique of calculating or
computing the various quantities and the
expected Expenditure to be incurred on a
particular work or project.

In case the funds available are less than the

estimated cost the work is done in part or by
reducing it or specifications are altered, the
following requirements are necessary for
preparing an estimate.
Drawings like plan, elevation and sections of
important points.
Detailed specifications about workmanship &
properties of materials etc.
Standard schedule of rates of the current year.

Estimate give an idea of the cost of the work

and hence its feasibility can be determined
i.e. whether the project could be taken up
with in the funds available or not.
Estimate gives an idea of time required for
the completion of the work.
Estimate is required to invite the tenders and
Quotations and to arrange contract.
Estimate is also required to control the
expenditure during the execution of work.

Drawings i.e. Plans, Elevations, Sections etc.

Specifications.
Rates.

Approximate estimate or preliminary estimate

Detailed estimate
Quantity estimate
Revised estimate
Supplementary estimate
Supplementary and Revised estimate
Annual Repair or Maintenance estimate

To find out an approx. cost in a short time.

Prepared from practical knowledge and cost
of the similar works.
Prepared by different ways for different
structures and works.
Roads and Highways :
Per kilometer basis depending on the nature of road,
width and thickness of metalling.

For Buildings :

Service unit method

Plinth area method
Floor area method
Carpet area method
Cubical content method
Typical bay method
Approx. quantities method

Details of measurement and calculation of

quantities :
Abstract of estimated cost :

Technical sanction from the competent

authority.
Total cost of the project.
Items required to complete the project.
Prepare tender document to award the job.
Check and fill the tender.
Bills of contractor for payment.

Ability to read and interpret drawings

accurately.
Construction experience
Knowledge of const. rules and regulations.
Knowledge of procedure of construction.
Labour problems, materials, specifications.
Knowledge of measurement.

Prepare an estimate.
Prepare specifications.
Survey of buildings and land.
Rate analysis.
Finalize the final accounts.
Supervision of site.
Work as arbitrator, valuation knowledge,
prepare schedule of work.

Overhead charges
Contingencies
Water charges
Provisional sum
Prime cost
Provisional Quantities
Spot items
Day work

Modes of Measurement

Each item shall be fully described

Order shall be in L,B,D.
All dimension which taken should be
accurate.
Same type of work under different conditions
and nature shall be measured separately.
Work under following categories shall be
measured separately,
From Foundation to P.L.
From P.L. to F.F.L.

Bill of Quantities shall fully describe all stuffs.