GPS-GSM INTEGRATION FOR

ENHANCING PUBLIC
TRANSPORTATION
MANAGEMENT SERVICES
BATCH 10
V.SWATHI
G.CHAITANYA KUMAR
P.PHANI KUMAR
C.SARVANI
B.GOPALA RAO

CONTENTS
INTRODUCTION
HARDWARE SPECIFICATIONS
BLOCK DIAGRAM
SOFTWARE SPECIFICATIONS
STATISTICAL ANALYSIS AND
RECOMMENDATIONS
ADVANTAGES
APPLICATIONS

INTRODUCTION
The problem is people waiting at bus stop dont know
when bus will come and where it is exactly. To avoid
this, If the passenger knows the id of bus then he will
get the location of the bus by using GSM and GPS
technologies.
This paper proposes and implements a solution for
enhancing public transportation management services
based on GPS and GSM in Punjab province of
Pakistan.
The system consists of four modules: BUS Station
Module, In-BUS Module, BASE Station Module and
BUS Stop Module. Equipped with PC and GSM modem,
BUS Station Module sends the initialization information
containing the bus number and license plate number to
In-BUS Module and BASE Station Module using SMS.
In this project we are implementing only In-Bus Module
containing with GSM and GPS modules. Whenever
user send message he will get the bus location as a
reply message.

HARDWARE
SPECIFICATIONS
AVR Microcontroller
GPS Receiver
GSM Modem
Max 232
Power Supply
LCD

AVR Microcontroller
AVR---Alf(Egil Bogen)and Vegard(Wollans)RISC
processor.
The AVR is a Modified Harvard architecture 8-bit
RISC single chip microcontroller. It was developed by
Atmel in 1996. Harvard architecture means that the
program and data are stored in separate memory
spaces which are accessible simultaneously.
The AVR was one of the first microcontroller families
to use on-chip flash memory for program storage, as
opposed to One-Time Programmable ROM, EPROM,
or EEPROM used by other microcontrollers at the
time. Flash memory is a nonvolatile (persistent on
power-down) programmable memory.
We are using ATxMEGA 32 microcontroller

Features of AVR

High-performance, Low-power AtmelAVR 8-bit Microcontroller

Advanced RISC Architecture

131 Powerful Instructions Most Single-clock Cycle Execution
32 8 General Purpose Working Registers
Fully Static Operation
Up to 16 MIPS Throughput at 16MHz
On-chip 2-cycle Multiplier

High Endurance Non-volatile Memory segments

32Kbytes of In-System Self-programmable Flash program memory

1024Bytes EEPROM
2Kbytes Internal SRAM

Special Microcontroller Features

Power-on Reset and Programmable Brown-out Detection
Internal Calibrated RC Oscillator
External and Internal Interrupt Sources
Six Sleep Modes: Idle, ADC Noise Reduction, Power-save, Power-down, Standby
and Extended Standby

The clock frequency is 16MHz for this ATMEGA 32 Microcontroller

PINDIAGRAM OF AVR
Port A (PA7..PA0) :Port A serves as
the analog inputs to the A/D
Port B (PB7..PB0),Port
Converter.
C(PC7..PC0),Port D(PD7..PD0) :
are 8-bit bi-directional I/O port with
internal pull-up resistors (selected for
each bit).
AVCC: AVCC is the supply voltage
pin for Port A and the A/D
Converter.
AREF: AREF is the analog
reference pin for the A/D Converter.

GPS Receiver

The Global Positioning System (GPS) is a satellite-based

navigation system made up of a network of 24 satellites
placed into orbit by the U.S. Department of Defense. GPS
was originally intended for military applications, but in the
1980s, the government made the system available for civilian
use. GPS works in any weather conditions, anywhere in the
world, 24 hours a day. There are no subscription fees or setup
charges to use GPS.
Fig.GPS Satellite system

How it works

GPS satellites circle the earth twice a day in a very precise orbit and
transmit signal information to earth. GPS receivers take this
information and use triangulation to calculate the user's exact
location. Essentially, the GPS receiver compares the time a signal
was transmitted by a satellite with the time it was received. The
time difference tells the GPS receiver how far away the satellite is.
Now, with distance measurements from a few more satellites, the
receiver can determine the user's position and display it on the unit's
electronic map.

Features

GPS Receiver supports 16 channel all-in view tracking.

Simultaneous tracking of every possible satellite in view.
The GPS receiver provides NMEA standard data message.

Available Versions:
GPS 35 LVC Attached 10 foot power/data cable with bare wire ends.
Accepts power from unregulated low voltage power supplies between 3.6
and 6 VDC. Asynchronous serial data interfaces via 2 serial ports with
CMOS voltage level outputs, RS-232 polarity.
GPS 35 LVS Attached 10 foot power/data cable with bare wire ends.
Accepts power from unregulated low voltage power supplies between 3.6
and 6 VDC. Asynchronous serial data interfaces via 2 serial ports with true
RS-232 voltage level outputs.
GPS 35 HVS Attached 5 meter power/data cable with bare wire ends.
Accepts power from unregulated high voltage power supplies between 6
and 40 VDC. Asynchronous serial data interfaces via 2 serial ports with
true RS-232 voltage level outputs.
GPS35 PC Attached 10 foot power/data cable with female DB-9 serial
connection, ready to attach to your PC. Additional 8 foot power cable
extension from the DB-9 connector terminates in a cigarette lighter plug for
easy application of power supply voltage between 6 and 40 VDC.
Asynchronous serial data interface via a single serial port with true RS-232
voltage level output.

GSM

GSM(Global System for Mobile communication)

Mobile service provides the user to receive a call, to call
for the people at remote end ,send SMS to remote areas
just by using GSM-SMS commands and Embedded
systems [8051 family micro controller based]. This
device can be used to receive a call and to call as many
people as possible. GSM Mobile Interface can call to
remote areas and can receive a call from remote areas.
GSM users can send and receive data, at rates up to
9600 bps.

GSM Features

Maximum data rate: 9600 bit/s (there are some

extension that allow now faster speeds)
Maximum mobile terminal output power: 8 W
Maximum hand-held mobile terminal output
power: 2W
Maximum cell radius: 30 km
Minimum cell radius: 350 m
Access method: TDMA/FDMA
Number of radio channels in each direction: 124
Number of speech channels per radio channel: 8
Modulation: Minimum Shift Keying (GSMK)

GSM NETWORK

Power Supply

The power supply unit is used to provide constant 5 V dc supply to the

peripherals.
The 230 V ac is converted into 9 V ac by using a transformer and then a
bridge rectifier rectifies it to a 9 V dc with ac ripples.
This is then filtered by electrolytic capacitors used across the rectifier
output.
LM7805 regulator is employed to obtain a constant 5 V dc at the output.

TRANSFORMER:
It is an electrical device which transfers the power from
one winding with isolation. All the electronic gadgets work
for less voltage [normally 3V to 12V]. So an step down
transformer is used, whose function is to step down the A.C
voltage from 230V to required voltage depending on the
need. In our project 12V-0-12V is used the output of the
transformer is connected to the diodes for rectification.
RECTIFIER CIRCUIT:
It employs 2 diodes, which converts A.C voltage into
D.C voltage. The output of rectifier circuit is not a pure D.C.
It also consists of some A.C components, which is called
Ripples. In order to remove these A.C components, filter
circuits are employed. So the output of rectifier circuit is fed
to the filter circuit [capacitor].

FILTER CIRCUIT:
Filter circuits employs electrolytic capacitors in
order to remove the A.C the components. As we know
the capacitors does not allow the D.C components to
pass through it because it offers high reactance to the
D.C components. And offers less reactance to the A.C
components. So all A.C components will be bi-pass
through the ground.
REGULATOR:
Regulator is an electronic circuit, whose function
is to keep its output constant, though the input is
varied. In this project the three terminal I.C regulator
of 7805 is used for providing output D.C voltages.
E.g. 7805, the number 78 represents the positive
regulator I.C and 05represents the output voltage i.e.
output is 5V.

LCD

Circuit
description
of
LCD
experiment:
The circuit can be wired up on a
plug-in-style prototyping board,
using dual-in-line switches for the
data lines (S1-S8).
A toggle switch for the RS input
(S10) and a momentary action switch
(or macro switch) for usage.
Most of the LCD modules conform to
a standard interface specification. A
14pin access is provided having eight
data lines, three control lines and three
power lines.
The connections are laid out in one of
the two common configurations, either
two rows of seven pins, or a single
row of 14 pins.
One of the, pins are numbered on the
LCDs print circuit board (PCB), but
if not, it is quite easy to locate pin1.

PIN

SYMBOL

I/O

DESCRIPTION

Vss

--

Ground

Vcc

--

+5V power supply

Vee

--

Power supply to control

contrast

RS

RS=0 to select command

register
RS=1 to select data register

R/W

R/W=0 for write

R/W=1 for read

EN

I/O

Enable

DB0

I/O

The 8-bit data bus

DB1

I/O

The 8-bit data bus

DB2

I/O

The 8-bit data bus

10 DB3

I/O

The 8-bit data bus

11

DB4

I/O

The 8-bit data bus

12 DB5

I/O

The 8-bit data bus

13 DB6

I/O

The 8-bit data bus

14 DB7

I/O

The 8-bit data bus

BLOCK DIAGRAM
GSM
MODEM
(TX)

Power Supply

GPS

LCD

AVR

M
A
X
2
3
2

GSM
MODEM
(RX)

Software Requirements
CODEVISION AVR----High Performance ANSI C Compiler,
Integrated Development Environment, Automatic
Program Generator and In-System Programmer
for the Atmel AVR family of microcontrollers.
Embedded C----Embedded C is a set of language
extensions for the C Programming language by
the C Standards committee to address
commonality issues that exist between C
extensions for different embedded systems.

Statistical Analysis and

Recommendations
BASE station utilizes the passenger information on per
stop basis to carry out the statistical analysis. A GUI,
shown in Fig, is developed in MATLAB to analyze the
results. A recommendation report is also generated by
the software which highlights the regions of greater
emphasis.
These are the regions where buses are more
overloaded. The solution to the problem lies in
increasing the number of buses on routes which are
densely crowded or introduce new overlapping routes to
compensate the demand.
BASE station transmits the statistical data along with
the recommendation report to Punjab Government
Transportation Department through internet at the end
of day or as per request of transportation department.

Fig: GUI Showing Statistical

Data

ADVANTAGES

Helpful to passengers

Saves time

APPLICATION AREAS

Transport departments

Public safety systems

QUERIES