Course content
C, N, P, S source
biomass
CO2
O2
product
heat
4
Medium formulation
Dalam fermentasi medium digunakan untuk :
Optimal growth of the cells
Product formation
Medium formulation dalam skala scale up
Economic viability
membutuhkan teknik yang tepat agar fermentasi dapat
berjalan dengan baik
Cells maintances untuk biosynthesis membentuk produk
Substrate
Sumber
Malt
Molasses
Carbon
Starch dan dextrin
Carbon
Cellulose
Carbon
Whey
Carbon
Vegetable oil soy, palm Carbon
Methanol
Carbon
Corn steep liqour
Nitrogen
Soya meal
nitrogen
Industri
industri beer
Alkohol, butanol, asam asetat
Fermentasi ethanol
alkohol, nutanol, acetone dan isopropanol
xanthan gum, 2,3 butadienol, asam lactat
fermentasi antibiotic
asam glutamat, serin dan vitamin B12
Asam laktat
antibiotik
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Variabel bebas
Star point (-) Low level (-1)
Konsentrasi gula (%w/v)
Center level
(0)
High Level
(+1)
Star point
( + )
0.41%
1%
10%
20%
21.5%
10
14
16
pH
4.5
Konsentrasi
gula
-1
-1
-1
-1
+1
+1
+1
+1
-1
+1
0
0
0
0
0
0
Lama
fermentasi
-1
-1
+1
+1
-1
-1
+1
+1
0
0
-
+
0
0
0
0
pH
-1
+
-1
+1
-1
+1
-1
+1
0
0
0
0
-
+
0
0
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Continuous Reactors
V,
X1
F,
X2
F+FR,
X1
dX 1
dt
FR, XR
F, X0
F, X2
V,
X1
F+FR,
X1
kg .i / hour
m3 reactor
Thus:
kg .i / hour
kg . X
ri = qi CX
Biomass
rX = mCX
Product
rP = qPCX
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rj
q jC X
qj
rate. j
rate.i
ri
qiC X
qi
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Introduction
Cell growth and product formation are complex processes
reflecting the overall kinetics and stoichiometry of the
thousands of intracellular reactions that can be observed within
a cell.
Thermodynamic limit is important for process optimization.
The complexity of the reactions can be represented by a simple
pseudochemical equation.
Several definitions have to be well understood before studying
this chapter, for example: YSXmax, YATP X, YOX, maintenance
coefficient based on substrate (ms).
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Composition of biomass
Molecules
Protein 30-60 %
Carbohydrate 5-30 %
Lipid 5-10 %
DNA 1 %
RNA 5-15 %
Ash (P, K+, Mg2+, etc)
Elements
C
40-50 %
H
7-10 %
O
20-30 %
N
5-10 %
P
1-3 %
Ash
3-10%
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Log10 of # of CFU/ml
STATIONARY
LOG
DEATH
LAG
SENESCENCE
Figure 6.14
Monod Equation
Growth equation (Monod equation)
Stationary Phase
Growth equations with substrate exhaustion:
2.5
2
10
OD
1
1
0.1
0.5
0.01
0:00:00
6:00:00
12:00:00
18:00:00
24:00:00
Time (hr:min:sec)
30:00:00
0
36:00:00
Glucose (g/L)
1.5
12
10
OD @ 600 nm
8
1
6
4
0.1
2
0.01
0
0.001
-2
0
10
15
Time (hr)
20
25
10
Series1
Series2
Antibiotic production
There are over 10 000 different antibiotics
known, but only about 200 in commercial
use, since most new antibiotics are no
better than existing ones.
There is a constant search for new
antibiotics. Antibiotics are the mostprescribed drugs and are big business.
Finding a new antibiotic and getting it on
to the market is a very long process and
can take 15 years.
Further reading
G Rao.2007. Introduction to Biochemical
Engineering , Chapter 6 dan seterusnya
Terima kasih
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