W-upper semicontinuous

multivalued mappings and

Kakutani theorem
Inese Bula
(in collaboration with Oksana Sambure)
University of Latvia
ibula@lanet.lv
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Let X and Y be metric spaces.

U(x,r) - open ball with center x and radius r.
Let A X . Then

U ( A, r )

U ( x, r )

is a neighbourhood of the set A.

xA

Definition 1. A multivalued mapping f : X

w-upper semicontinuous at a point x 0 X if

2 X is called

0 0 f (U ( x 0 , )) U (f ( x 0 ), w ).
If f is w-upper semicontinuous multivalued mapping for every point
of space X, then such a mapping is called w-upper semicontinuous
multivalued mapping in space X (or w-u.s.c.).

Every upper semicontinuous multivalued mapping is w-upper

semicontinuous multivalued mapping (w>0) but not conversely.
Example 1.

f : [0,4] 2

and

[0, 3], x [0, 2[,

f (x)
[1, 2.5], x [2, 4].

y
3
2
1

1
2
3
4
x
This mapping is not upper semicontinuous multivalued mapping in point 2:

f ( 2) [1, 2.5] U (f ( 2), 0.5) ]0.5, 3[ and U (2, ) : f (U (2, )) ]0.5, 3[.
But this mapping is 1-upper semicontinuous multivalued mapping in point 2.
It is w-upper semicontinuous multivalued mapping in point 2 for every w 1 too.
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We consider
Definition 2. A multivalued mapping

f : X 2Y

is called

w-closed at a point x, if for all convergent sequences

( xn ) nN X , ( y n ) nN Y which satisfy
lim x n x X , lim y n y Y ( where n N : y n f ( x n ))

it follows that y U (f ( x ), w ).
If f is w-closed mapping for every point of space X, then such a
mapping is called w-closed mapping in space X.

In Example 1 considered function is 1-closed in point 2.

It is w-closed mapping in point 2 for every w 1 too.

Let X, Y be normed spaces. We define a sum f + g of multivalued mappings

f , g : X 2Y as follows:
x X : (f g )( x ) {y z Y y f ( x ), z g ( x ) }.
We prove
Theorem 1. If f : X 2Y is w1-u.s.c. and g : X 2Y is w2-u.s.c.,
then f + g is (w1+w2)-u.s.c.

Corollary. If

f : X 2Y is w-u.s.c. and g : X 2Y is u.s.c.,

then f + g is w-u.s.c.

Let X, Y be metric spaces.

It is known for u.s.c.:

If K is compact subset of X and f : X 2

is compact-valued

u.s.c., then the set f (K ) f ( x ) is compact.

xK

If f : X 2Y is compact-valued w-u.s.c., then it is possible that

f (K ) f ( x ) is not compact even if K is compact subset of X.
xK

Example 2. Suppose the mapping

f :[0,2] 2R is

[ x , x 1], x [0,2[,
f (x)
[2.3, 2.5], x 2.

This mapping is compact-valued

and 0.5-u.s.c., its domain is
compact set [0,2], but

3
2

2.5
2.3

f ([ 0, 2]) [0, 3[

this set is not compact, only

bounded.
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We prove
Theorem 2. Let f : X 2Y is compact-valued w-u.s.c. If K X is
compact set, then

f (K ) f ( x ) is bounded set.
xK

In Example 1 considered mapping is 1-u.s.c., compact-valued and 1-closed.

Is it regularity?
We can observe: if mapping is w-closed, then it is possible that there is a
point such that the image is not closed set. For example,
[0, 4], x [0,1[,
g (x)
]1, 2[, x [1, 2].

Theorem 3. If multivalued mapping f : X 2Y is w-u.s.c. and

for every x X

the image set f(x) is closed, then f is w-closed.

Analog of Kakutani theorem

Theorem 4. Let K be a compact convex subset of normed

space X. Let f : K 2K be a w-u.s.c. multivalued
mapping. Assume that for every x K , the image f(x) is a
convex closed subset of K. Then there exists z K
such that z B (f ( z ), w ), that is

z K y f ( z ) :

z y w.

B(x,r) - closed ball with center x and radius r.

Idea of PROOF.
We define mapping x K : g ( x )

co f (U ( x , )).

This mapping satisfies the assumptions of the Kakutani theorem:

If C be a compact convex subset of normed space X and if f : K 2K

be a closed and convex-valued multivalued mapping, then there exists
at least one fixed point of mapping f.
Then

z K : z g ( z ) 0 z co f (U (z, )).

It follows (f is w-u.s.c. multivalued mapping!)

f (U (z, )) U (f (z ), w ) co f (U ( z, )) B (f ( z ), w ).
Therefore
0
0 z B (f (z), w )
z B (f (z ), w ).

In one-valued mapping case we have:

Definition 1. A mapping f : X Y is called w-continuous at a point
x 0 X if

0 0 y X : x0 y f ( x0 ) f ( y ) w .

If f is w-continuous mapping for every point of space X, then such a

mapping is called w-continuous mapping in space X .

Corollary. Let K be a compact convex subset of normed space X.

Let f : K K is w-continuous mapping. Then

z K :

z f (z) w .

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References
I.Bula, Stability of the Bohl-Brouwer-Schauder theorem,
Nonlinear Analysis, Theory, Methods & Applications,
V.26, P.1859-1868, 1996.
M.Burgin, A. ostak, Towards the theory of continuity
defect and continuity measure for mappings of metric
spaces, Latvijas Universittes Zintniskie Raksti, V.576,
P.45-62, 1992.
M.Burgin, A. ostak, Fuzzyfication of the Theory of
Continuous Functions, Fuzzy Sets and Systems, V.62,
P.71-81, 1994.
O.Zaytsev, On discontinuous mappings in metric spaces,
Proc. of the Latvian Academy of Sciences, Section B,
v.52, 259-262, 1998.

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