2015/1/6
Huawei Confidential
Abstract:
This document mainly discusses the main factors that affect the voice quality of
a GSM network, principles of improving the functions related to voice quality,
and suggested values of some key parameters. In addition, this document lists
the deliverables (see the attachments on page 33) that field engineers should
submit when reporting voice quality problems or evaluating the voice quality,
including drive test information, counter information, and guides to related
tools (see the operation guide). This document aims to quickly locate and solve
voice quality problems and to evaluate the voice quality and prevent voice
quality problems based on the collected information about the existing network.
R&D Support
For voice quality problems, we can provide trainings and 7x24 hour technical support.
Name
ID
Phone
Dong Xuan
103945
Yang Chunjie
119951
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Contents
Statistics and Analysis of Factors Affecting the
Quality Parameters
Handover Parameters
Directly-related
Directly-related
factors
factors
Coding
Coding
schemes
schemes
drop
Calldrop
Call
Engineering
Engineering
network
network
optimization
optimization
Algorithms
Algorithms
Interference
Interference
Voice
Voice
version
version
DD VV
TT AA
XX DD
HO
HO
Frequent
FrequentHOs,
HOs,
PingPong
PingPongHOs,
HOs,
and
andunreasonable
unreasonable
HOs
HOs
CoBCCH Resident
CoBCCH Resident
Strategy
Strategy
HO Optimization Packet
HO Optimization Packet
Frame Theft of Physical
Frame Theft of Physical
Messages
Messages
Too Small HO Hysteresis
Too Small HO Hysteresis
Inappropriate
Inappropriate
Neighboring Cell
Neighboring Cell
Too low PN Rule
Too low PN Rule
Discarded Packets
Discarded Packets
Compensation
Compensation
Long Call Drop Timer
Long Call Drop Timer
TOP Optimization
TOP Optimization
3.5-Generation Power
3.5-Generation Power
Control
Control
Anti-Interference solution
Anti-Interference solution
Intermodulation
Intermodulation
Interference Quick
Interference Quick
Troubleshooter
Troubleshooter
Threshold Self-Adaptive
Threshold Self-Adaptive
F2H HO Threshold
F2H HO Threshold
Parameters,
Parameters,
algorithms,
algorithms,and
and
optimizing
optimizing
strategies
strategies
High/low
High/low
rate
codingrate
coding
Full/half
Full/half
rate
rate
IndirectlyIndirectlyrelated
relatedfactors
factors
Bit
Biterror
error(frame
(frame
erasure)
erasure)
The
Thechannel
channelisisnormal.
normal.
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For more detailed feedback information, see the attachment Voice Data Feedback Checklist.
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Typical Case 1:
In a site, it is required that the average value of MS-MS MOS should be
greater than 3.50 according to the drive test result of the entire network after the
migration. The value, however, is only 3.35 according to the drive test result.
Therefore, the value of MOS fails to reach the standard.
According to the statistics and analysis of the drive test information, the ratio of half rate channels
reaches 75%. This is the main factor that affects the overall MOS. The details are as follows:
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Typical Case 2:
In a site, it is required that more than 95% MS-PSTN MOS values should be greater than 2.7 in the
drive test of the entire network after the migration. According to the drive test result, only 90% MS-PSTN
MOS values are greater than 2.7. Therefore, the MOS value fails to reach the standard.
A: According to the analysis, no known voice problem exists in the BSS after the migration. The reason that the
MOS value of the existing network fails to reach the standard is that the quality over the air interface is low,
many handovers occur, and the ratio of half rate channels is high.
B. After optimizing the concentric handover parameters, adjusting the Assign Optimum Layer and the Pref.
Subcell in HO of Intra-BSC parameters and their thresholds, and optimizing the number of handovers
reasonably, the ratio between traffic and number of successful handovers rises from 68.4 to 71.9. In addition,
the ratio between number of MOS values and number of handovers in the drive test rises from 1.86 to 2.76.
Therefore, the ratio of MOS values that are grater than 2.7 of the entire network rises about 4%.
C. After optimizing cells one by one and expanding the capacity of busy cells, the ratio of half rate channels in the
test is reduced from 46% to about 35% . This improves the overall MOS.
D. After optimizing problem sites one by one and take optimization measures at a low carrier-to-interference ratio,
the ratio of air interfaces whose quality is at level 0 to level 4 rises 2%.
After taking a series of optimization measures, the MOS value in the drive test is improved obviously. The ratio of
MOS values that are greater than 2.7 rises about 10% and reaches over 95%.
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Contents
MOS
Quality Parameters
Handover Parameters
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Quality Parameters
Speech versions
Handover Parameters
Handover-related parameters
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This function mainly improves the decoding capability of the BTS at a low
C/I. This function improves the voice quality by adopting different filter
algorithms for different speech versions and coding schemes.
This function improves the estimation precision of the C/I and thus
improving the voice quality by adopting the most suitable speech coding
schemes.
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It is recommended to set a narrow (180 k) filter in the neighboring frequency interference scenario
and a broad (260 k) filter in the co-channel interference scenario. This function improves the
BTS software parameter 53: 231 in the co-channel interference scenario, 39 in the
adjacent-channel interference scenario, and 103 in other scenarios.
Among signals received by dual antennas, the interference is related to both the
space (between antennas) and the time. The EICC function considers both the
relation between interference and space and the relation between interference
and time. In this way, it suppresses interference more effectively and improves
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received by the local end are voice of the speaker, this function keeps the voice
unchanged.
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Basic Principle:
Power control: When the uplink and downlink signals are strong, reduce the
uplink and downlink transmitting power to reduce the interference of the entire
network.
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Radio Link Timeout: This counter defines the time of radio ink connection failure for downlink links. The criterion is
that whether the SACCH measurement report can be correctly decoded.
SACCH Multi-Frames: This counter defines the time of radio link connection failure for uplink links. The criterion is
that whether the SACCH measurement report can be correctly decoded.
TC CRC Check:
According to GSM specifications, the BSC performs CRC check for each uplink data (TRAU frame) from the BTS.
If the TRAU frame fails to pass the CRC check, the BSC regards it as an invalid frame and smoothens it. This
avoids the noise caused by parameter transmission errors and improves the voice quality.
TC CRC Allowed: ON
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Quality Parameters
Speech versions
Handover Parameters
Handover-related parameters
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During an MS-MS call, this function reduces one voice coding/decoding session. This
reduces the effect of voice coding on the voice quality and thus improves the voice
quality.
TFO Switch: Enable (it is recommended to set this parameter to enable in the
versions listed in the following table and to disable in other versions. Setting this
parameter to Enable needs the support of the license.)
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If packet loss occurs during the transmission of voice packets in the network, the voice quality may drop sharply.
This function ensures that the sound effect after the decoding is similar to that before the decoding by hiding
and reducing the effect of packet loss on the voice quality when decoding the received voice packets.
This function reduces the effect of incorrect estimation of the C/I or changes of the channel conditions with time on
the AMR performance. You do not need to estimate the value of this parameter. The value of this parameter at
various rates are adjusted automatically according to the fluctuation of the C/I. In this way, the AMR
performance will not be affected by incorrect estimation of the C/I or by changes of the channel conditions with
time.
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In the TDM scenario, you can set the Mute Detect Class1 Switch parameter to flexibly adjust the detection
conditions and to increase the chance of detecting mute. Then, you can configure the Detect Class2 Switch
parameter to confirm the mutes detected by Mute Detect Class1 Switch to improve the correctness of the mute
report. This function provides additional information for locating problems, preliminarily determines the problem
devices, and narrows the scope of problem devices.
Suggested Parameter Settings:
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This algorithm evaluates the voice quality through parameters that calculate the radio transmission quality over the
air interface. The value of VQI is calculated after the air interface link parameters are measured. The value of
VQI can correctly reflect the end-to-end quality of voice calls. Thus, the network operator can monitor the voice
quality of the network in real time without knowing the experience of end users.
This function prevents the TC from processing voice signals when a voice or multimedia call is established in the A
over IP scenario. As the TC does not exist in physical links for transmitting voice signals when the TrFO
function is enabled, this function reduces the damages to the voice quality by the TC and improves the voice
quality.
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Basic Principles:
The channel allocation strategy helps to allocate high-quality channels and to improve the voice quality.
A full-rate channel is better than a half-rate channel in improving the voice quality. Therefore, increasing
the ratio of full-rate channels helps to improve the overall MOS.
Note: When allocating channels, be sure to consider whether congestion exists in the cell. If no
congestion exists, you can set the traffic busy threshold to a greater value.
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Quality Parameters
Speech versions
Handover Parameters
Handover-related parameters
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Handover-Related Parameters:
PN Rule of PBGT
Basic Principle
Uplink data smooth timer: This timer delays releasing old channels and thus
reduce the number of lost frames during the handover.
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Thank you
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