IN
ORGANISATION
Definitions of Group
G C Homans: "A group is any number of people who share goals,
often communicate with each other over a period of time, and are few
enough so that each individual may communicate with all the others,
person-to person.
A group is collection of two or more people who have common
objectives or interests and interact with each other to accomplish their
objectives, are aware of each other and perceive themselves to be a
part of a group.
1.Organisation-related Factors
2. Member-related Factors
Key Factors in
Group
Dynamics
3. Group-related Factors
4. Job/Work-related Factors
2.
Survival
3.
Security
4.
Social Needs
5.
Recognition
6.
Economic Benefits
7.
8.
9.
10. Interaction
Characteristics of Group
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
Membership
Leadership
Formal Hierarchy or Status
Composition
Specific Task
Interaction
Group Norms
Communication
Group Cohesiveness
Member Satisfaction
Size
Types
Formal Group
Formal group is deliberately and purposefully created. It is created to meet organisations
requirements. It has specific objectives, rules, and defined relationship. Each member in the
formal group has clear-cut authority and responsibility. His position and status are clarified.
Formal group has to functions as per the policies, rules, and procedures of organisation. Such
group may be temporary or permanent in nature.
Informal Groups
Informal group, on the other hand, is created automatically or spontaneously due to
interactions among people in organisation. Informal group doesnt have defined objectives and
specified scope. It comes into existence to satisfy members social and psychological needs
which formal structure cannot satisfy. It is not created for organisations needs; people with
similar nature, likings, and feeling may form an informal group. Friendship groups, membership
groups, reference groups, and interest groups are common
informal groups.
Note: For difference between formal and informal groups, refer Table 18.1,
Ramesh B. Rudani
Limitations/Problems of
Informal Group
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
1.
2.
3.
Group Integrity
Social Satisfaction
Solving Work Problem
Prescribing Norms and Values
Protection of Members
Collaborating Efforts
Supporting Management
Filling Communication Gap
Emotional Support
Contribution to Organisation
Efficiently
Resistance to Change
Restriction of Output
Source of Role Conflict (conflict
between formal and informal
roles)
4. Source of Rumour
(miscommunication)
5. Inertia (inactivity or lethargy)
6. Aggressive Conformity (i.e.,
forceful conformation)
7. Narrow Vision and Rigidity
8. Source of Rebellion
9. Source of Conspiracy
10. Compulsion on organisation to
accept unjust demand, etc.
SUBCLASSIFICATIONS OF GROUPS
Formal Groups
Command Group
A group composed of
the individuals who
report directly to a
given manager
Task Group
Informal Groups
Interest Group
Friendship Group
DYNAMICS OF TEAMS
Team and group are, to some extent, similar and are used
interchangeably. However, teams and teamwork are more popular in
todays organisations. Team differs from group mainly in form of
outcomes or performance results. Teams are used for high
performance results. They are revised version of traditional formal
groups. They have collective and synergic effects on final outcomes.
Committee, commission, board, taskforce, Quality Control (QC), etc.,
are popular forms of team.
Definitions of Team
1.
2.
CHARACTERISTICS OF TEAM
1.
Characteristics of Team
2.
Collective Work-products
3.
Synergic Effects
8.
Emphasis
4.
Improved Version of
9.
Shared Leadership
Formal Group
10.
Accountability
11.
Specific Purpose
12.
Interacting Style
13.
Members Characteristics
5.
Members
6.
Rewarding Pattern
7.
Complementary
Membership Role
(or Expertise):
Group
Work
Team
10-13
Crossfunctional
Teams
Virtual
Teams
Self
Managed
Teams
Problemsolving
Teams
TYPES OF TEAMS
Problem-Solving
Self-Managed
Teams
Work Teams
10-16
Teams
Very common
Task forces
Committees
10-17
Characteristics
To be effective, needs:
Trust among members
Close monitoring
To be publicized
10-18
Adequate Resources
Climate of Trust
Abilities of Members
Personality of Members
Size of Team