TTM 1: Access and core networks,

advanced:
Optical access and transport
networks
Info and Intro
Autumn 2011

Info overview
Tutors:

Adjunct assoc. professor Steinar Bjrnstad

Ph.D. student Raimena Veisslari
Associate professor Norvald Stol
Guest lectures: Carla Raffaelli and Walter Cerroni (univ. Bologna)
The students

Presentations, write name and e-mail on list

What is the area of your project work?
(2-3 keywords are sufficient)

What do you know about optical networks?

Working methods in colloquiums (..discuss..)

Curriculum overview
Tentative schedule

Form of lectures
Based on colloquium form:
Some material is presented by Steinar, Norvald,
Raimena and guests
Some material is presented by students .. any
volunteers?
Hopefully we all learn something

Organised as three hour seminars in

Arthur, ITEM

Theme overview
Course Info & Intro 1 hour (Steinar)
Optical components / transmission 2 hours (Steinar)
Core & Metro networks, Optical circuit switching (OCS),
Ethernet
3 hours (Norvald/Raimena)
Control and Traffic management - 3 hours (Raffelli/Cerroni)
Protection switching - 3 hours (Norvald, Sandesh/Haijiao)
Optical Transport Network (OTN) 3 hours (Steinar)
Access networks - 3 hours (Steinar/students)
Optical burst / packet switching (OBS/OPS) - 3 hours
(Norvald, Trond/Nitu)
Repetition Greatest hits, Steinar/Norvald/Raimena

Total: 21 hours (+ repetition)

Tentative schedule
See web-pages

Curriculum / Info / Contacts

Curriculum:
Conference papers and Journal articles
(Mostly ready, some to be decided)

Info on web:

http://www.ntnu.no/telematikk/academics/courses/ttm1/sta
rt

Steinar.Bjornstad@item.ntnu.no, (Room
B214)
Tlf: 90081033
Norvald Stol
Raimena Veisslari

Intro overview
Growth rates
Wavelength division multiplexing (WDM)
Optical switching
- circuit/wavelength
- packet
Some facts/observations

Internet growth
Moores law (CPU)
Double performance every 18 months, from 1975->

Computer performance
Doubles every 21 months

Router performance
Doubles every 21 months

Optical link performance

WDM gave a period with cost reduction of two every
12 months

Internet traffic trends

Growth trends Internet versus telephone

Internet traffic trends

1) Prediction made in 2000; believe the last years have not been that fast

What do you think will make the traffic grow in the future?

Link capacity growth trend

Example of overoptimistic prognosis:

(?)

Internet traffic forces routers to become wire speed

Internet traffic > Voice traffic

Capacity increase in systems

Fiber
based
transport/core
networks
Veikart
for optiske
systemer:
Switching
high bitrates,
Gb/s and Tb/s
Kapasitetof
dobles
hvert r!!

Currently 32 Tb/s
OCF 2009

100000
2x per year

Verdensrekord

World record
in lab: 10,92 Tb/s !
i laboratorium
2002

10000

S in g le fib e r ca p a city (G b /s)

1000

100

10

0.1

0.01
1980

1985

1990

Year

1995

2000

Introduction of Wavelength Division Multiplexing (WDM)

Kilde:

2005

Wavelength division multiplexing

Wavelength
Division
Multiplexing
Large capacity increase in optical fibers
(WDM),
i fiber
Makesmangedobler
optical networking kapasitet
possible/interresting
2,5 Gb/s =
30000

Terminal

1 kanal
pr fiber
1 Fr:
channel
pr fiber
Fiber

11

Regenerator

11

11
11
44

Up to
Opptil
20 000 000

Electronic/electrooptical

11
11
44
WDM:
WDM:
4-128
4-128 kanaler
channels
pr fiber
pr fiber

11

Tidligere utbygging
Earlier

Nvrende
utbygging

Now

11
22

22

33

33

44

44

Optical
amplifier
Optisk forsterker
Multiplekser

Demultiplekser

Optical switches
Circuit switching
Switches signals between fibers and/or wavelengths.

Wavelength conversion
To avoid collision on wavelengths (in same fiber)

I1

U1

I2

U2

I3

U3

I4

Wavelength
Blgelengde
converter
Konverter

Optical
Optiskcrossconnect
krysskopler

U4

Packet switching
More complicated in the optical domain:
Higher speeds needed in switches
Not (currently) available technology for optical processing
of headers etc.
The payload information is switched optically
Optical buffering is difficult
Separates
header
payload
Skiller header
ogand
nyttelast
DMUXer
WDMsignals
signal
Demux
of WDM

Node Controller (e.g., MPLS)

OXC Controller

Optical crossconnect (with

or without
wavelength conversion)
Optisk
krysskopler
MUXer signaler
WDM
Mux oftilsignals
asignal
WDM signal

To OXC-control
Header processor
Delay <= header length
+ processing time

Optical
Optiske buffers
buffere (to handle contention on output)

to

Some key facts

Optical switching:
Optical circuit switches are available
Switches fibers or wavelengths in fibers
Optical wavelength converters are not commercially
widely available
Optical packet switches in labs
Optical buffers/memory is a problem

Rapid development in optical transmission:

Systems with more than 1 Tb/s are available
Higher than 30 Tb/s is demonstrated in the lab