RADAR
Signal Processing
EXTERNAL GUIDE :
INTERNAL GUIDE :
D R . T.V.C . S A R M A ,
(SCIENTIST/ENGINEER - SG)
VELLORE INSTITUTE OF
T E C H N O L O G Y,
N ATI O N A L ATM O S P H E R I C
R E S E A R C H L A B O R ATO R Y,
D E PAR T M E N T O F S PAC E
S E N S E D E PART M E N T
( A S S O C I ATE P R O F E S S O R )
PR ES EN T ED BY :
B. LOKESH
1 3 M C E 1 0 28
Outline
Introduction
MST radar
Research proposal
Literature survey
Continuous wave radar and pulse radar
Range
Range resolution
Pulse compression - Types
Introduction
RADAR-
2. Pulse radar
MST Radar
Research Proposal
The aim is transmitted wave is back scattered by radio refractive
index irregularities due clear air turbulence(CAT) towards the radar
and it is received by the same antenna in the case of Monostatic
system by using duplexer
The received echo is processed through superhetrodyne receiver
followed by quadrature detection with LPF. The In-phase and
Quadrature phase outputs are digitized and pass through matched
filter and it is coherently integrated over inter pulse period
The resultant is finally subjected to spectral moment estimation,
we obtain parameters such as power, Doppler shift and spectral
width
Specifications of MST
Radar :
NARL, Gadanki
Operating Frequency = 53MHz (VHF)
Transmitted power =2.5Mw
Pulse width = 1 to 32 micro sec
Duty cycle = 2.5%
Average power = 7x 108 Wm2
Pulse repetition Frequency = 62.5 Hz-8 kHz
1024 Yagi-Uda antennas arranged in 32 X 32 square grid of
0.7 spacing
Literature survey
Atmospheric Layers
How echoes received from Atmospheric Layers ?
Radar range equations for hard target and distributed targets
Ionospheric exploration
Range resolution
Pulse compression
Radar receiver processing?
Matched filter
Power, Doppler and spectral width
CW
RF
Oscillator
OUT
Bistatic: Rt + Rr = c
Detector
Indicator
AMP
Mixer
IN
Rx Antenna
Pulse Radar
PRT
Frequency = 53MHz
Carrier Freq.
Listening
Time
Transmitted power
=2.5Mw
Pulse width = 1 to 32
micro sec
Duty cycle = 2.5%
Average power = 7x 108
Wm2
PW
PRT=1/PRF
AMP
Driver,MOD,OSC
TUBE
Transmitter
CT R
Monostatic: R = (Rt = Rr = R)
RF
Synchron
izer
RF
ENERG
Y
Ou
t
Indicator
ANT.
In
Duplexer
Receiver
Antenna Control
Ech
o
Power
Supply
Range
Doppler
shift
Direction
Altitude
Range
The distance of the target can be calculated from the
R = ct/2 meters
To target short range has to transmit pulses with short duration,
small listen period (4500 pulses per sec )
For long distances, pulses with large duration with more listen
period ( 900 pulses per sec )
Maximum Unambiguous
Range
The range corresponds to two-way time delay is
known as maximum unambiguous range
Tx
pulse
T3
T2
T1
Echo 1
Echo 2
Rx echo
pulse
t
R1 = c t /2
Unambiguous range
R2 = c (T+t) /2
Range Resolution R1
cT
R2
c T/4
3 c T/2
R2
R1
c T/2
cT
cT
Pulse Compression
To increase the average transmitted power long pulse is used
It leads to degrade in range resolution
To overcome this problem pulse compression is used
Pulse compression is achieved by modulating the pulse
Pulse compression
Frequency
linear
Non linear
Phase or Biphase
Barker
Complimentary
or Golays code
Linear FM
Non Linear FM
t=0.025T
t=0.035T
Barker Coding
Pulse
coding
Tx signal
Barker
code
response
t=0.5t
t=0.75t
t=t
t=1.25t
t=1.5t
t=1.75t
t=2t
Complimentary Coding
Two length L unimodular sequences x(t) and y(t) are
Golay complementary if the sum of their
autocorrelation functions satisfies
t=1.75t
t=2t
t=2.25t
References:
1.
2.
3.
Radar observation of winds and turbulence in the Stratosphere, Mesosphere, Ronald F. woodman and
Alberto Guillen,1974
4.
5.
6.
Gravity Waves and Instabilities in the Lower and Middle Atmosphere, J. Klostermeyer
Text Books:
6. Introduction to radar systems , Merrill I. Skolnik
7. Radar system analysis and design , by Bassem R. Mahafza
Thank You