ECE 441
ECE 441
ECE 441
ECE 441
Series Motor
Series field
Heavy windings
Must conduct the armature current
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Field winding is in
series with the
armature
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More Details
When shaft load is removed, TD>Tload
Motor speed increases
cemf increases
armature current decreases
series field flux decreases
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p 0
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Defining Parameters
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TD 2 [ B p I a ]2
VT I a Racir
p kG
n1
n2 VT I a Racir
p G
p Bp A
n1 VT I a Racir
n2
B p
, 0
Bp
I
R
T a acir
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Example 11.1
A 240-V, 40-hp, 1150 r/min stabilizedshunt motor, operating at rated conditions,
has an efficiency at rated load of 90.2%.
The motor parameters are
Ra = 0.0680
RIP = 0.0198
Rs = 0.00911
Rshunt = 99.5
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21
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VT 0.902 240
IT 137.84 A
VT
240
If
2.4121A
R f 99.5
I a IT I f 137.84 2.41 135.43 A
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Racir Ra RIP Rs
Racir 0.0680 0.0198 0.0091 0.0969
Bp
n1 VT I a Racir
n2
B p
V
I
R
T
a acir
1
n1 [VT I a Racir ]2
B p 2 B p1
n2 [VT I a Racir ]1
Bp 2
Bp 2
1150
240 1.15 135.43 0.0969
0.70
1.25 1150
240 135.43 0.0969
0.56T
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Ff
2300
Ff N f I f I f
N f 1231
I f 1.87 A
VT
VT
If
Rx
Rf
R f Rx
Rf
240
Rx
99.5 28.8
187
PRx I 2f Rx (1.87) 2 28.8 100.7W
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Linear Approximations
If the magnetization curve is not available
rough approximation obtained by assuming
magnetization effects are negligible
Do not use approximations if the motor is
operating under heavy overload or locked
rotor conditions.
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TD 2 [ B p I a ]2
[Fnet I a ]2
n1 VT I a Racir
n2
B p
n1 VT I a Racir
n2
Fnet
Bp
VT I a Racir
Fnet
VT I a Racir
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2
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TD1 [Fnet I a ]1
TD , series Fnet I a N s I a
TD 2 [Fnet I a ]2
TD , series I a2
The developed torque is proportional to the
square of the armature current.
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Example 11.2
Example 11.1 is re-solved using the linear
approximation, and the solution is
compared to the results obtained in
Example 11.1.
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VT
240
I f1
2.412 A
R f 99.5
I a1 IT I f 137.84 2.412 135.43 A
Fnet Ff N f I f 1231 2.412 2969.2 A t / pole
Fnet
n1 VT I a Racir
n2
Fnet 1 VT I a Racir
n1 [VT I a Racir ]2
Fnet 2 Fnet1
n2 [VT I a Racir ]1
Fnet 2
Fnet 2
1150
240 1.15 135.43 0.0969
2969.2
1.25 1150
240 135.43 0.0969
2354.8 A t / pole
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Fnet 2354.8
If
1.91A
Nf
1231
VT
VT
If
Rx
Rf
R f Rx
If
240
Rx
99.5 26.15
1.91
From Example 11.1, the value of resistance was
determined to be 28.8
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Ractual Rapprox
Ractual
100%
28.8 26.15
%error
100%
28.8
%error 9.2%
This lower value of resistance would cause
a slightly higher field current, and therefore,
a speed slightly lower than 1437.5 r/min.
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Comparisons (continued)
Shunt Motor
relatively constant speed from no-load to
full-load
does not have high starting torque
essentially constant flux
torque varies linearly with armature current
speed regulation around 5%
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Relatively
Constant Speed
Linear Torque
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Comparisons (continued)
Compound Motor
Higher torque, lower speed than shunt motor
speed regulation between 15 and 25%
used with loads requiring high starting torques
or have pulsating loads
smoothes out the energy required by the pulsating
load, lowering the demand on the electrical supply
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Lower Speed at
Higher Torque
Higher Torque
above base speed
than Shunt motor
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Comparisons (continued)
Series Motor
high starting torque
wide speed range
REMOVING THE LOAD CAUSES IT TO RUN
AWAY!
CONNECT LOAD BY GEARS OR SOLID
COUPLING NO BELT DRIVES!
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Dynamic Braking
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Normal Operation
Closed
Open
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Dynamic - Braking
Open
Closed
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Regenerative Braking
Convert energy of overhauling loads into
electrical energy and pumps it back into
the electrical system.
The overhauling load drives a DC motor
faster than normal, causing the cemf to
become greater than the supply voltage
and results in generator action.
Trains, elevators, hybrid automobiles
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Plugging
The electrical reversal of a motor before it
stops
Reverse the voltage applied to the
armature
Current in the series and shunt fields is
not reversed
Insert resistance in series with the
armature to limit the current
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Normal Operation
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Plugging
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Jogging
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Example 11.7
A 240-V, compensated shunt motor driving a 910
lb-ft torque load is running at 1150 r/min. The
efficiency of the motor at this load is 94.0%. The
combined armature, compensating winding, and
interpole resistance is 0.00707, and the
resistance of the shunt field is 52.6. Determine
the resistance of a dynamic-braking resistor that
will be capable of developing 500 lb-ft of braking
torque at a speed of 1000 r/min. Assume
windage and friction at 1000r/min are essentially
the same as at 1150 r/min.
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T n 910 1150
Pshaft
199.257 hp
5252
5252
Pshaft 199.257 746
Pin
158134W
0.940
158134
Pin VT IT IT
658.89 A
240
VT
240
If
4.56 A
R f 52.6
I a IT I f 658.89 4.56 654.33 A
VT Ea1 I a1 Racir Ea1 240 654.33 0.00707
Ea1 235.37V
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I T
T1 [ B p I a ]1 I a1
I a 2 a1 2
T2 [ B p I a ]2 I a 2
T1
654.33 500
Ia2
359.52 A
910
Ea1 [n p kG ]1
n1
n2
Ea 2 Ea1
Ea 2 [n p kG ]2
n2
n1
1000
Ea 2
235.37 204.67V
1150
Ea 2 I a 2 ( Racir RDB ) RDB
RDB
RDB
Ea 2 I a 2 Racir
Ia2
0.562
359.52
0.562
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