Immunology

Immunology internet activity

http://kidshealth.org/kid/htbw/ISmovie.html
Complete the activity and quiz on website
Read pages 100-101and complete the
summary questions on page 101.
Complete LG

Exam question starter

K-W-L
On your show me boards write down
what we already know about the
immune system. (30sec)
Share with partner (1minute)
Feedback on board (3 minutes)

In your note book write down two

questions about what you want to learn
about immunity. We revisit the questions at
the end of the lesson.

Learning Objectives
Define immune system
Identify and describe the major routes
pathogens may take when entering the body
Identify barriers for protecting the body
from infection.
Describe the process of Phagocytosis and
the role of lysosomes in the subsequent
destruction of ingested pathogens.

What is the immune system?

What is the immune system?

The immune system is a group of cells, tissues, organs and
mechanisms that defend an organism against pathogens (diseasecausing organisms) and other foreign substances.
An immune response is a
complex series of specific
and non-specific processes
involving a range of cells
and chemicals.
If the body successfully fights an
infection, it will respond more
quickly and effectively
if the same pathogen is reencountered.

Organs of the immune system

Known as Lymphoid
organs because they are
concerned with growth,
development, and
deployment of
lymphocytes
lymphocytes are White
Blood Cells that are key
operatives of the Immune
System

In your note book

Define a pathogen.

A pathogen is
An microorganism that can cause
disease.

Major routes of entry into the

body
In pairs identify the
different ways
pathogens enter the
body write in your
note book (1 minute).

What are the main defence

mechanisms of the body?

Defence Mechanisms
Group discussion
Get into groups of 5 on
large white boards
discuss and write as
many different
methods as possible of
protecting the body
against infection. (5
minutes)

Use textbook pages

100-101
Feedback (2 minutes)

The main defence mechanisms of

the body
Defence
mechanisms
Non-specific (1&2)
Response is immediate and
the same for all pathogens

(1) Primary
Methods (1)e.g
Skin

(2) Secondary
Methods e.g.
Phagocytosis

Specific (Tertiary Methods)

(3)
Response is slower and
specific to each pathogen

Cell-mediate
response
T Lymphocytes

Humoral
response
B Lymphocytes

Physical barriers to infection

First line of defence: Primary

methods

Second line of defence

What is a
phagocyte?

Second line of defence

What is a phagocyte
Type of white blood cell that ingests and
digests pathogens.

Phagocyte in action

Complete the diagram on

phagocytosis (10 Minutes)
If a pathogen manages to
make it through these
defence mechanisms, it is
unlikely to escape the
phagocytes.

. Use your text book to

complete the diagram.
When you are done do the
summary questions

2nd Line of Defence Non specific responses

Phagocytosis

Phagocytosis flow chart

Phagocytes originate from bone marrow / foetal liver

Pathogen recognised as foreign pathogen is antigenic; chemotaxis

Pathogen attached to phagocyte by antibody and surface receptors
Engulfed by phagocyte by endocytosis invagination of plasma cell membrane
to form a phagosome (a membrane bound vesicle containing the pathogen)
Lysosomes (containing lysins & hydrolytic enzymes) fuse to phagosome
Release of H2O2, HCl, free radicals into phagosome
Digest pathogen harmless products removed (egested / excreted) or used by
phagocyte
26
Phagocyte also displays antigenic components on external surface of plasma cell

phagocytosis

Phagocytosis animations

http://vimeo.com/70326148
http://www.kscience.co.uk/animations/phagocyte.htm
http://www.mydr.com.au/health-images/animation-phagocytosis
http://www.stolaf.edu/people/giannini/flashanimat/cellstructures/phago
citosis.swf
http://www.3d4medical.com/Phagocytosis-animation_AN2435.html
http://highered.mheducation.com/sites/0072495855/student_view0/cha
pter2/animation__phagocytosis.html

CHECK YOUR
KNOWLEDGE
Why is PHAGOCYTOSIS said to be a NONSPECIFIC defence mechanism?
It DOES NOT DISTINGUISH between one
pathogen and another
All pathogens are treated IN THE SAME
WAY

Exam practice

Self mark it

Review of Questions
What was your question on the immune
system has it been answered.
Final exit question
Differentiate between a specific and non specific
response to pathogens.

Answer to exit question

A nonspecific response in a person is the
same for every pathogen. Fever and
inflammation are characteristic of
nonspecific responses. A specific response
responds to specific antigens.

Homework
1. Read pages109 to 111 before next lesson.