LESSON 1

ANTIDERIVATIVES
MATH22
Calculus2

OBJECTIVES:
At the end of the lesson the
students are expected to:
know the relationship between
differentiation
and integration;
identify and explain the different parts
of the
integral operation; and
perform basic integration by applying
the power
formula and the properties of the

DEFINITION: ANTIDERIVATIVE (INTEGRAL

A function F is called an antiderivative (or

integral) of the function f on a given open
interval if F(x) = f(x) for every
value of x in
1 3
the interval.
xample,
the function F ( x) 3 x is an antiderivative
because for each x in
f ( x) on
x 2 interval (,)
d 1 3
2
nterval
.
F ' ( x)
x

x
f ( x)

dx 3

1 3
However,F ( x) 3 x

is not the only

antiderivative of f on this interval. If we
1 3
add
x any constant C to
3

d 1 3

, Gthen
' ( x) thex function
C x2 0
dx 3

f ( x)

In general, once any single antiderivative is

known, the other antiderivatives can be obtained
by adding constants to the known derivative.
Thus, 1 x 3 , 1 x 3 2, 1 x 3 5, 1 x 3 2
3

f ( x) x 2

are all antiderivatives of

.
Theorem If F(x) is any antiderivative of f(x) on an
open interval, then for any constant C the
function F(x)+C is also an antiderivative on that
interval. Moreover, each antiderivative of f(x) on
the interval can be expressed in the form F(x)+C
by choosing the constant C appropriately.

DEFINITION: THE INDEFINITE INTEGRA

The process of finding antiderivatives is
called antidifferentiation or
integration. dThus,
F ( x) iff ( x)
dx

then integrating (or antidifferentiating) the

function f(x) produces an antiderivative of
the form F(x)+C. To emphasize this
f ( x)dx F ( x) C

process, we use the following integral

notation

where:
The expression f is
( x)dx
indefinite

called an

integral.

is called
f (x) an integral sign

the function
is called the
integrand
and the constant C is called the
x indicates that x is the variable of integration
constant of
integration

Some of the properties of the indefinite integral

and basic integration formulas, which need no
proof from the fact that these properties are
also known properties of differentiation are
listed
below.
Properties
of Indefinite Integral and Basic
Integration Formula:
i.

dx x C

ii.

cf ( x)dx c f ( x)dx cF ( x) C

iii .

[ f ( x) f
1

( x) .... f n ( x)]dx f1 ( x)dx f 2 ( x)dx ... f 3 ( x)dx

n 1
x
iv. x n dx
C ; n 1
n 1

EXAMPLE

aluate the following integral.

1.
2.
3.
4.

3
x
dx

3 x

2a

6 x 7 dx
x b
2

3 2

1 y
3

2y

dx

2
3

dy

EXERCISES

aluate the following integral. 3

z 1
3
2
1. 5 x 2 x 3 dx
6.
dz

2.
3.

4.
5.

2
3

y 4y

dt

4 dy

1
5

4 z z dz

3
4

t 5a

dt

z 1

7.

8.

9.

10.

2 x e dx

7x 4 x
dx
x
5

8 x 3 36 x 2 54 x 27 dx
6

m 2 m dm
6