Unit-2

MIS
DSS
TPS
OLAP
OLTP

Transaction Processing
Systems
As the name implies, Transaction Processing
Systems ("TPS") are designed to process
routine transactions efficiently and accurately.
A business will have several TPS.
for example:
- Billing systems to send invoices to customers
- Systems to calculate the weekly and monthly
payroll and tax payments
- Production and purchasing systems to
calculate raw material requirements
- Stock control systems to process all
movements into, within and out of the
business

Management Information
System
MIS is mainly concerned with internal
sources of information.
MIS usually take data from the
transaction processing systems (see
below) and summarise it into a series
of management reports.
MIS reports tend to be used by middle
management and operational
supervisors

Decision-support systems
DSS are specifically designed to help
management make decisions in
situations where there is uncertainty
about the possible outcomes of those
decisions.
DSS comprise tools and techniques to
help gather relevant information and
analyse the options and alternatives.
DSS often involves use of complex
spreadsheet and databases to create
"what-if" models.

Executive Support
System
An Executive Support System ("ESS") is
designed to help senior management make
strategic decisions. It gathers, analyses and
summarises the key internal and external
information used in the business.
A good way to think about an ESS is to imagine
the senior management team in an aircraft
cockpit - with the instrument panel showing
them the status of all the key business activities.
ESS typically involve lots of data analysis and
modelling tools such as "what-if" analysis to help
strategic decision-making.

OLAP
- OLAP (On-line Analytical Processing)
is characterized by relatively low volume
of transactions. Queries are often very
complex and involve aggregations.
For OLAP systems a response time is an
effectiveness measure.
OLAP applications are widely used by Data
Mining techniques.
In OLAP database there is aggregated,
historical data, stored in multi-dimensional
schemas (usually star schema).

 OLAPs were designed to provide analysis

and queries efficiently as compared to
real time transaction processing in OLTP.
As heavy management queries were
transferred to OLAP, performance of
OLTP system was not affected. OLAP
uses multidimensional model, with the
primary purpose of running complex
analytical and ad-hoc queries.

OLTP
- OLTP (On-line Transaction Processing) is
characterized by a large number of short online transactions (INSERT, UPDATE, DELETE).
The main emphasis for OLTP systems is put on
very fast query processing, maintaining data
integrity in multi-access environments and an
effectiveness measured by number of
transactions per second.
In OLTP database there is detailed and
current data, and schema used to store
transactional databases is the entity model
(usually 3NF).

OLTP
OLTP system solved a critical business problem
of automating daily business functions and
running real time reports and analysis.
But these systems were not designed for
analysis and queries. Frustration started to
build in Business management as OLTP systems
could not provide the analysis on the data.
Resource heavy management analytical
queries started to affect performance of OLTP
systems and users of OLTP system also got
frustrated.

OLAP vs OLTP
Source of Data - OLAP gathers data from
multiple systems (including OLTP systems).
OLTP records data. OLAP gets data periodically
from backend systems (such as OLTP). OLTP is
updated regularly as transactions are
recorded.
Purpose Purpose of OLTP is to carry out day
to day business functions. Purpose of OLAP is
to support decision making and provide
answers to business and management
queries.

OLAP vs OLTP
Reporting OLTP reports tend to run on low
volume of data and returns few records. OLAP
queries typically run on huge volume of data.
Resource requirements OLAP requires
huge space and CPU resources to store
volume of data and run complex queries.
OLTP requires relatively less system
resources.
Execution Speed OLTP runs faster than
OLAP as queries tends to be simple. However,
for similar queries OLAP runs faster as OLAPs
are designed to run complex queries.

OLTP System
Online Transaction Processing
(Operational System)

OLAP System
Online Analytical Processing
(Data Warehouse

Source of data

Operational data; OLTPs are the original

source of the data.

Consolidation data; OLAP data comes

from the various OLTP Databases

Purpose of data

To control and run fundamental business tasks

To help with planning, problem solving,

and decision support

What the data

Reveals a snapshot of ongoing

business processes

Multi-dimensional views of various

kinds of business activities

Inserts and
Updates

Short and fast inserts and updates initiated by

end users

Periodic long-running batch jobs

refresh the data

Queries

Relatively standardized and simple queries

Returning relatively few records

Often complex queries involving

aggregations

Processing
Speed

Typically very fast

Depends on the amount of data

involved; batch data refreshes and
complex queries may take many hours;
query speed can be improved by
creating indexes

Space
Requirements

Can be relatively small if historical data is

archived

Larger due to the existence of

aggregation structures and history
data; requires more indexes than OLTP

Data Base
Design

Highly normalized with many tables

Typically de-normalized with fewer

tables; use of star and/or snowflake
schemas

Backup and
Recovery

Backup religiously; operational data is critical

to run the business, data loss is likely to entail
significant monetary loss and legal liability

Instead of regular backups, some

environments may consider simply
reloading the OLTP data as a recovery
method

 MOVIE :- HOW TO DESIGN A SIMPLE

REPORT THROUGH OLAP