Table of Content
Introduction
Initial Design V0
Foundation modelled
Current results
Second Amendment V2
First Amendment V1
Design Parameters
Foundation Design
Design Parameters
MicroSAS inputs
Calculation
Introduction
5 tropical storms
10,000 year wind and wave profiles
100 year current
Introduction
Wave profile
Introduction
Wave profile
Introduction
Soil profiles
0-20m: Debris
Below 20m: Calcareous soil
Introduction
Deck
Conductors
6x366
6000T pretension in total
Assumed fixed connection with sea bed
Assumed laterally constrained at intervals
Design Stage
MicroSAS 2.0
Initial Design V0
First Amendment V1
Second Amendment V2
Dimension of Tower
Width of Tower (Theoretical Method)
Total force acting on each Pile (F(acting)) = P/12 + M/6L
Total allowable force on each pile (F(allowable)) = 0.6 x 345 x A
F allowable > F acting
0.6 x 345 x 106 x 0.02542 x ( x 30 x 30 x 28 x 28)
> 340 x 106 / 12 + 6 x 109 / 6 / L
48.668 X 106 > 28.333 x 106 + 6 x 109 / 6 / L
L > 49. 17 m
Dimension of Tower
Width of Tower (Patent #5480266 for higher
payload)
D / (Width) > 12
D = 900 m
Width > 75 m
Dimension of Tower
Height of the Tower
Initial Design V0
Height: 907m
Base dimension: 65x65m
Top dimension: 40x40m
Mass: 32,600T
Top Jacket: 12,700T, 485m
Bottom Jacket: 19,900T, 420m
Jacket Design
2 sections
Transportation purpose
(barge size constraint)
Shorter bottom sections
Equal distribution of
weight
Parallel legs for
compliance
Tapered top to
accommodate smaller
deck size
485m
420m
Flex Piles
385m
Flex Piles
Module Design
As cubicle as possible
to optimise axial and
shear strength of cross
members
10 of 70m full modules
1 of 65m tapered top
module
4 of 35m half modules
To increase strength for
connections
Connections at hardpoint of legs
Typical braces arrangement
Legs Design
Tower supported in midsection by flexible piles
Smaller members on
top and bottom
Bigger members in the
mid-section
66x1.625
72x1.875
84x2.125
96x2.5
108x2.75
96x2.5
84x2.125
72x1.875
Sway mode
Bending mode
Heading 000
Heading 045
First Amendment V1
Height: 907m
Base dimension: 65x65m
Top dimension: 40x40m
Mass: 36,000T (from
32,600T)
Top Jacket: 9,000T (from
12,700T)
Bottom Jacket: 27,000T
(from 19,900T)
Foundation is modelled
Jacket Design
Top jacket: 345m (from
485m)
Bottom jacket: 560m
(from 420m)
Bottom jacket lengthen to
accommodate longer
flexible piles
345m
560m
Flex Piles
345m
560m
Flex Piles
8m
4.5m
V1 Results
Parameter
Tension
Compression
Res. Moment
Res. Shear
Sway Period
Bend. Period
Units
kN
kN
kNm
kN
s
s
V0
10552
83015
89888
9830
26.3
5.42
V1
8078.85
89273.34
62560.53
2327.43
30
6.29
De-amplification factor =
91.2%
Design Stage
Foundation Design Loading and Soil Profile
900m
Seawater
Loadings
Integrated deck
Hook load
Topside variable
Tower
Load on single pile
5000T
1000T
3000T
36000T
89000kN
20m
Debris
Soil Profile
Shear strength, = 5-15kPa
Friction angle, = nil
Moisture content = 80%
sub = 6kN/m3
Calcareous
soil
Soil Profile
Shear strength, = 100kPa
Friction angle, = nil
Moisture content = 40%
sub = 7.5kN/m3
Design Stage
Foundation Design
900m
Seawater
Grout
20m
Debris
Calcareous
Soil
Design Stage
Foundation Design Calculations
Design Stage
Foundation Design Calculations
Axial Capacity of Pile
Design Stage
Foundation Design Calculations
Axial Capacity of Pile
Skin friction
End bearing capacity
Factor of safety
Ultimate axial capacity
Allowable axial capacity
fs < 60kPa
qb < 1MPa for (0.2 < cp < 0.3)
FS = 1.5
Qu = Qs + Qb = fsAs + qbAb
Qa = Qu/FS
Design Stage
Foundation Design Calculations
4m
6m
Design Stage
Foundation Design Calculations
Axial Capacity of Pile
Pile shaft
Pile toe diameter, Pile embeded fs (kPa) <
qb (kPa)
As (m2)
Ab (m2)
diameter, dS (m)
dB (m)
depth, z (m)
60kPa
< 1MPa
4.0
4.0
4.0
4.0
4.0
4.0
4.0
4.0
4.0
4.0
4.0
4.0
4.0
4.0
4.0
4.0
6.0
6.0
6.0
6.0
6.0
6.0
6.0
6.0
6.0
6.0
6.0
6.0
6.0
6.0
6.0
6.0
0
0
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
110
120
130
140
150
28.73
28.73
33.52
35.91
38.31
40.70
43.09
45.49
47.88
50.28
52.67
55.06
57.46
59.85
60.00
60.00
0.00
0.00
251.33
376.99
502.65
628.32
753.98
879.65
1005.31
1130.97
1256.64
1382.30
1507.96
1633.63
1759.29
1884.96
0.00
0.00
1000
1000
1000
1000
1000
1000
1000
1000
1000
1000
1000
1000
1000
1000
28.27
28.27
28.27
28.27
28.27
28.27
28.27
28.27
28.27
28.27
28.27
28.27
28.27
28.27
28.27
28.27
Qa (kN)
0.00
0.00
24465.36
27874.96
31685.69
35897.54
40510.53
45524.64
50939.88
56756.25
62973.75
69592.38
76612.14
84033.03
89221.23
94247.78
Design Stage
Foundation Design Calculations
P-y Curve
Source: Randolf (2001)
T-z Curve
Source: P.W. Marshall (2011)
Q-z Curve
Source: API Guideline for Q-z curve (2000)
Design Stage
Foundation Design MicroSAS Input
P-y Curve
Source: Randolf (2001)
T-z Curve
Source: P.W. Marshall (2011)
Q-z Curve
Source: API Guideline for Q-z curve (2000)
Design Stage
Foundation Design Calculations
Self Weight of Pile
Additional pile design load due to self-weight of piles
= -`sVs +(p- w)Vp + (c- w)Vc = -ve
Design Stage
Foundation Design Calculations
Capacity of Concrete Toe
Only 20% of the loading is supported by the toe bearing
capacity 20% x (89273+31414kN) = 24137.4kN
Upper area of the concrete toe = (2)2 = 12.57m2
C40 concrete is used
Allowable load = 0.25 x 12.57 x 40000
= 251327kN > 24137.4 kN (O.K)
Capacity of Steel Piles
A345 steel is used
Cross sectional area of 1 pile = 0.939m2
Allowable load = 0.6 x 0.939 x 345000
= 194438kN > 24137.4 kN (O.K)
Design Stage
Foundation Design Calculations
Grout Bond Strength & Shear Key
900m
Seawater
Grout
20m
Debris
Calcareous
Soil
Design Stage
Foundation Design Calculations
Grout Bond Strength & Shear Key
Outer Diameter of Flex Pile (Dp): 1.524m
Outer Diameter of Insert Pile (Ds): 2.5m
Thickness of Flex Pile (tp): 50mm
Thickness of Insert Pile (t s): 40mm
400
(s) 400
(h)
20 (w)
Weld Bead
Source: API Recommended Practice 2A-WSD
Design Stage
Foundation Design Calculations
Grout Bond Strength & Shear Key
Limitations
Strength of Grout
fcu
40
Sleeve Geometry
Ds/ts
Pile Geometry
Dp/tp
True
62.5
80
True
30.48
40
True
Dg/tg
8.067
7 & 45
True
Dp/s
3.81
2.5 & 8
True
h/s
0.025
0.1
True
w/h
1.5 & 3
True
fcu*h/s
5.5
True
Design Stage
Foundation Design Calculations
Grout Bond Strength & Shear Key
(h)
(s)
20 (w)
Weld Bead
Design Stage
Foundation Design Calculations
Grout Bond Strength & Shear Key
900m
Seawater
20m
Debris
20
Calcareous Soil