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We know that the railway network of India

is the biggest in south Asia and perhaps


the most complicated in all over the world.
There are so many different types of trains
local, fast, super fast, passenger, goods....
etc. and their so many multiple routs.
Although the time table is perfect it is not
at all possible to maintain it. And thats
why the train accidents are becoming more
and more usual. So why not we add a kind
of intelligence to the train engines itself so
that it tries to avoid accidents.

More than 150 years old


Beginning it was total private
ownership
Now it is owned and managed by
the GOI
Mix of the oldest technology to
the latest state of the art
Largest employer

Annual output measured in


billions
Largest network under single
management
Perceived as harbinger of
economic development
Considered the lifeline of the
nation

IRs daily Transport Output

2 Million Train Kms


17 Million Passengers
2 Million Tonnes freight loading
8800 Passenger trains
5900 Freight trains

IR's trains cover the round _trip distance


between earth and moon, four times a day !

To err is human

To safeguard against that is


Rail Signalling

1825: FIRST RAILWAY LINE FOR GOODS


TRAFFIC WAS OPENED BETWEEN
DARLINGTON TO STOCKTON (U.K.)
UNIFORMED MEN ON HORSES GUIDED THE
TRAIN

1830 : FIRST PASSENGER TRAIN

BETWEEN LIVERPOOL AND MANCHESTER


POLICEMAN WERE POSTED AT FIXED
INTERVALS

HISTORY OF RAILWAY
SIGNALLING
1838 : POLICEMEN WERE REPLACED BY FIXED
MECHANICAL SIGNALS

1853 : FIRST TRAIN SERVICE INTRODUCED ON


INDIAN RAILWAYS,
SEMAPHORE SIGNALS WERE USED.

Development of Rail Signalling: Worldover


Continuous Braking System

Auxiliary
Warning
System

Track Circuit
Interlocking
Space Interval System
Time Interval System
First Train: Darlington Stockton

1825

1856

1872 1874

1906

Development of Rail Signalling: India

First Route Relay Interlocking


: Churchgate,WR
Centralised Traffic
Control
Became a Must for
MAUQ by 1950s
Gorakhpur- Chappra)
Double Wire
Signalling
Interlocking:
Ghaziabad- Peshawar
23 Stations

Axle Counter

First Train: Bombay VT Thane

1853

1894

1920

1958 1966 1972

Development of Rail Signalling: India


Train Management

First Solid State Interlocking

System

(Srirangam Station, S Rly)

ChurchgateVirarSection

AWS:OnWR:
ChurchgateVirar
Section
First AWS: ER (GayaMughalsarai,
Howrah-Burdwan)

1970

1972

1987

2003

Accident at station.

Accident in Block Section.

Accident Level

Crossing gate.

Signaling and interlocking was first


introduced on 23 crossing stations
between Peshawar and Ghaziabad in
the country in 1894.
Colour light signaling was introduced
on Indian Railways by GIP Railways in
1928 between Bombay VT and Byculla
stations.
Today, over 82% of total 6527 block
stations on Indian Railways are
provided with some form of signalling
and interlocking arrangements.
Over 67% of total interlocked stations
on Indian Railways are now provided
with colour light signalling.

Interlocking Principle
CHECK
Complete route for reception of train is unoccupied
All points are correctly set & locked
All Conflicting signals are at Danger
Position(RED)
Level Crossing gates (if any) are closed

Till Then
All above are True

S ignalling Solutions to take care of


human error
S.NO. ITEM

Equipment/System

1.

Receptiononoccupiedline

Trackcircuit

2.

Traindispatchedonoccupied
blockedsection

Blockworkingwith
axlecounter,Automatic
signalling,ACD

Driverpassingsignalatdanger

AWS,ACD

andtopreventcollision
4

Blanksignal

Doublefilamentbulb
LEDsignal

Eliminates use of human agency


to physically ensure occupation
or otherwise of the track.
Detects presence or otherwise of
a train through an electrical
circuit, in which rails form a part
of the circuit.
Prevents reception of a train on
an occupied line.

Eliminates tedious job of maintaining


insulation joints, thus improving reliability.

Requires less maintenance as equipments


are centralized.

So far 1000 no. AFTCs have been provided.

1200
1000
800
600
Total

400
200
0

1997- 1998- 1999- 2000- 2001- 2002- 2003- 2004- 200598


99
00
01
02
03
04
05
06

100
90
87
80
70
69
60 69
50
40
30
20
10 2500
0

Total T.C.
locations (in
'000)
Collisions
50

29
8064
5100

16
12234

Improved visibility
Improved safety
Higher speed
Boosts drivers confidence

ADVANTAGES
ELIMINATION OF
BULB FUSING
HIGHER VISIBILITY

LEDSignals
(LightEmittingDiode)

CURRENT
CONSUMTION LOW

So far about 3000 signal aspects have


been provided with LED based signals and
work in progress for another 5000 signal
aspects

So far no aid to drivers to operate train


under adverse visibility (fog, dust storm
etc.).
Provides adequate safety and utilises full
line capacity under adverse visibility
Cab signalling: Signal aspects are displayed
inside cab indicating optimum speed .
Proposed in Metro/Kolkata & DMRC
In future, cab signalling will be provided on
high speed lines and metros

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