Global Entrepreneurship
Entrepreneurship Monitor
Monitor
(GEM)India
(GEM)India Project
Project
Dr
Dr Gautam
Gautam Dutta
Dutta
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Introduction
Introduction to
to GEM
GEM
The Global Entrepreneurship Monitor (GEM) project is a multicountry research project aimed at assessing the level of
entrepreneurial activity in the participating countries and linking
it to the entrepreneurial framework conditions (EFCs) and their
projected economic growth on the other.
The project ,initiated in 1999, has been coordinated by London
Business School, UK, and Babson College, USA,
Ten countries in 1999, 21 in 2000, 28 in 2001,37 in 2002 and 35 in
2005
India has participated during 2000, 2001,2002 and 2006.
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Major
Major Objectives
Objectives of
of GEM
GEM
Measure and benchmark the level of
entrepreneurial activity among different countries
Examine the factors that may have led to some
countries having higher levels of entrepreneurship
than others
Identify what can be done to enhance the national
level of entrepreneurial activity
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The
The GEM
GEM Conceptual
Conceptual Model
Model
The main hypothesis of the GEM research project is that the level of
entrepreneurial activity in a country has a backward linkage to the quality of
the entrepreneurial framework conditions in the country and a forward linkage
to the countrys economic growth. A simplified version of the GEM
Conceptual Model is as below:
Entrepreneurial
framework
conditions
Level
of
Entrepreneurial
activity
Economic
growth
The Causal relationships implied in the model are at two levels: (1) the
supportiveness of the entrepreneurial framework conditions
influences the level of entrepreneurial activity, and (2) the level of
entrepreneurial activity influences economic growth.
At the level of individual countries, the GEM research effort is mainly a
fact-finding mission to ascertain the supportiveness of the
entrepreneurial framework conditions and the level of entrepreneurial
activity in the country.
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Financial
Government Policies
Government Programs
R&D Transfer
Entrepreneurial Capacity,
Major
Established Firms
(Primary Economy)
Micro, Small, and
Medium Firms
(Secondary Economy)
Entrepreneurial
Opportunities
Entrepreneurial
Capacity
Skills
Motivation
National
Economic
Growth
(GDP, #Jobs)
Business
Churning
27
28
29
20.0
15.0
10.0
5.0
All Countries
Japan
Russia
Belgium
France
Hong Kong
Croatia
Sweden
Chinese Taipei
Poland
Finland
Netherlands
Slovenia
Spain
Germany
United Kingdom
Italy
Singapore
Denmark
South Africa
Hungary
Israel
Switzerland
Australia
Norway
Canada
Ireland
U.S.A.
Iceland
China
Mexico
Brazil
New Zealand
Argentina
Korea
Chile
India
Thailand
0.0
210
5.0
15.0
25.0
India
Thailand
Group Average
O F
China
Korea
A D V A N T A G E
Mexico
Brazil
Argentina
Chile
Group Average
New Zealand
Group Average
20.0
South Africa
Australia
Canada
U.S.A.
Belgium
France
Sweden
Finland
Netherlands
Spain
Germany
United Kingdom
Italy
Denmark
Israel
Switzerland
Norway
Ireland
Iceland
Group Average
Russia
Croatia
Poland
Slovenia
Hungary
Group Average
Japan
Hong Kong
Chinese Taipei
Singapore
Group Average
E N T R E P R E N E U R I A L
N A T I O N S
0.0
211
E N T R E P R E N E U R I A L
A D V A N T A G E
O F
N A T I O N S
212
18.0
16.0
14.0
12.0
10.0
8.0
6.0
4.0
2.0
A D V A N T A G E
O F
All Countries
Japan
Russia
Belgium
Croatia
Hong Kong
France
Poland
Sweden
Chinese Taipei
Italy
Slovenia
South Africa
Spain
Finland
Germany
Hungary
Netherlands
United Kingdom
Singapore
Israel
China
Brazil
Denmark
Switzerland
Australia
Argentina
Canada
Norway
Ireland
Mexico
Chile
Iceland
Korea
U.S.A.
New Zealand
India
Thailand
E N T R E P R E N E U R I A L
N A T I O N S
Opportunity-based entrepreneurial
activity by country
0.0
213
6.0
5.0
4.0
3.0
2.0
1.0
10.0
9.0
Chile
China
Argentina
Brazil
A D V A N T A G E
O F
All Countries
France
Spain
Belgium
Finland
Denmark
Norway
Italy
Japa
n
Netherlands
Russia
Chinese Taipei
Sweden
United Kingdom
Croatia
Iceland
Singapore
Switzerland
Canada
Germany
U.S.A.
Hong Kong
Poland
Ireland
Israel
Slovenia
Australia
Hungary
New Zealand
South Africa
Mexico
Thailand
Korea
India
E N T R E P R E N E U R I A L
N A T I O N S
Necessity-based entrepreneurial
activity by country
8.0
0.0
214
The
TheGEM
GEMResearch
ResearchMethodology
Methodology
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