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Huawei Confidential
Contents
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Classification of ground
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2. Earthing leadin
40x4 mm galvanized flat steel (used in China) of any length required
or 95 mm2 copper conductor (used in western countries) of any length required
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Contents
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Construction
(1) Excavate a pit 90 cm deep, and drive a 50x50x5x2500
mm steel angle into the soil, with 20 cm of the upper end
above the soil. If the soil is solid, make a 80 hole
with a Luoyang shovel or geological drilling rig. Weld the
earthing leadin, a piece of 40x4 mm galvanized flat steel,
using a qualified steel electrode. The length of the fillet
of double-side welding is twice that of the long side of
the flat steel. Coat the welding joint with diluted asphalt
to prevent corrosion. Fill the whole 90 cm-deep pit with
soil, that is, the depth of burial is 70 cm.
(2) Test the earth resistance.
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90CM
20CM
230CM
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90CM
20CM
230CM
1.5~2.5 L
L is the length of a vertical earthing rod.
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Composition
Equipment room
Horizontal earthing bar
(flat steel)
Construction
Excavate a 90 cm-deep channel 1.5 m away from the wall footing of the building. Drive the
vertical earthing rods into the soil at the bottom of the channel at intervals of 5 m. For how to do
this, see the construction method presented to you earlier.
Weld three pieces of 40x4 mm galvanized flat steel to the horizontal earthing bar in the ring
ground grid, at three points that are 5 m or more apart, as lead-in of the working ground,
protection ground and lightning protection ground.
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A connection line
between the ground
grid and the foundation
reinforcement bars
Foundation
reinforcement
bars of the
equipment room
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Foundation reinforcement
bars of the tower
A connection line
between the foundation
reinforcement bars of
the tower and the ring
ground grid
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Foundation reinforcement
bars of the tower
A connection line
between the foundation
reinforcement bars of
the tower and the ring
ground grid
Radial horizontal
earthing bar
Earthing plate
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Grounding system that comprises a mesh earthing body and vertical earthing rods
Advantages
The grounding system is effective in ensuring a stable earth resistance.
The vertical earthing rods are reliable sources of earthing. The ground grid is a safety measure to balance the fault
potential on the surface of the ground, and can protect the workers and those who pass by against lightning.
Composition
The grounding system comprises the vertical earthing rods arranged in a square matrix and the horizontal earthing
bars that connect the top of the vertical earthing rods.
Construction
Excavate a 90 cm-deep channel in the shape of 3x3 m square boxes. Drive the vertical earthing rods into the soil
at the bottom of the channel at the points of crossing, with 20 cm of the upper end above the soil for welding.
Use 40x4 mm galvanized flat steel to weld the vertical earthing rods 10 cm away from the upper end to form a
ground grid, of which the four sides are closed but not equilong. Coat the welding joints with asphalt to prevent
corrosion.
(1)
(2)
(1)
(2)
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Grounding
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Grounding
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Contents
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Construction method for using a piece of 40x4 mm galvanized flat steel as the grounding
downlead:
(1) Weld a piece of 40x4 mm galvanized flat steel to the lower part of the lightning arrester. Make two holes
larger than 10 mm on the flat steel and galvanize the holes.
(2) Use a piece of 40x4 mm galvanized flat steel of the proper length, and make two holes larger than
10mm at each end of the flat steel. Connect the upper part of the flat steel to the tail of the lightning
arrester with bolts and the lower part to the lead-out wire of the ground grid.
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Construction method for using a copper conduction with a sectional area more than 95
mm2 as the grounding downlead of the lightning arrester:
(1) Weld a piece of 40x4 mm galvanized flat steel to the lower part of the lightning arrester. Make two
holes larger than 10 mm on the flat steel and galvanize the holes.
(2) Use a copper conductor of the proper length, and weld a copper lug at each end of the copper
conductor. Lap the upper part of the copper conductor to the tail of the lightning arrester with bolts
and the lower part to the lead-out wire of the ground grid. Process the lapped joint to prevent
corrosion.
(3) Fix the downlead to the tower body without insulation processing.
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Contents
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Definition
Stacking
Pouring
Effect
Sandy soil: The earth resistance drops to 1/61/3 of the original value.
Sandy clay: The earth resistance drops to 2/51/3 of the original value.
Valid term two years. Salt must be supplemented every two years in the
quantity that is half of the quantity initially added to the soil.
Disadvantage
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Divide the earth around the upper part of each earthing body at the height of about one third of
the length of the earthing body, that is, 600800 mm, into six to eight layers. Lay 2030 mm salt
at each layer and then add 100 mm conductive humus soil. Tamp the soil and pour one to two
liters of water for each kilogram of salt to the soil. Deal with the other seven layers of earth in the
same way. Each pipe needs 30 to 40 kilograms of salt.
Connect the top ends of adjacent earthing bodies into one unit through 40x4 mm galvanized flat
steel. Then lead this unit to the grounding busbar in the equipment room or connect it to the
lightning protection downlead of the tower through the same flat steel.
For easy test, connect it to the reserved 40x4 mm galvanized connecting terminal with three
bolts.
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The pouring method applies to the circumstances where the earth resistivity is so high that many
holes must be made.
Make 56 holes of a diameter of 10 mm every 200 mm in different directions on the steel pipes
driven into the earth, and then pour saturated salt water in the holes.
Use 2040 kilograms of salt for each steel pipe and mix each kilogram of salt with one to two
kilograms of water.
Weld the steel pipes with galvanized flat steel to lead out a grounding electrode, using the same
material as in the stacking method introduced earlier.
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Urea-formaldehyde resin
Acrylamide
Polyacry lamide
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Contents
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Technical requirements
The earth resistance of the general communications building must be preferably no more than
one ohm.
Among the wireless sites, the earth resistance of the BTS site should be no more than five ohms,
and that of the BSC and MSC sites no more than one ohm.
Voltage resistance and equipotential measures are adopted lest the lightning should produce a
high step voltage to injure the human being.
Trielectrode method
Triangle method
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d Gp
D
dGc
Electrode arrangement of the
trielectrode method
G:
D:
P:
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G
Rationale of the trielectrode method
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d Gc
?30
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Contents
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Soil
Sandy
Rock
Coagulative
Mine
For the electrical conductivity of different types of earth, refer to page 17 in the Guide to
Building Huawei Wireless Sites Lightning Protection and Grounding System.
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Main Factors Affecting the Earth Resistance Water Content of the Earth
The electrical resistivity of the earth changes sharply with the water content. For
example, for sandy clay, the electrical resistivity is 10 x 106 m when the water
content is zero, and 42 m when the water content is 30%.
Seasonal rainfall
Geological depth
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Main Factors Affecting the Earth Resistance Salt Content of the Earth
Soluble salt particles contained in the soil water can reduce the electrical
resistivity of the earth
Salt, copper sulfate and magnesium sulfate can be used as resistivity reduction
agents.
Some resistivity reduction agents, for example, salt, corrode the earthing bodies.
In construction, use the salt of small corrosive action and long-acting resistivity
reduction agents.
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The electrical resistivity of the soil 12 m away from the ground surface is high and changes sharply with
the change of seasonal rainfall.
The deeper the soil, the less the water content changes with the season and the more stable the
electrical resistivity.
Relation between the earth resistance and the depth of burial of the earthing body (assume the soil is
even)
4l
Ln 1
2L
s
R: earth resistance ()
L: length of the vertical earthing rod (L+70 cm refers to the depth of burial) (cm)
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Attachments
Checklist for
Huawei Wireless
Grounding Net Installation
Node-B Construction Spec
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The end
Winning Together!
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