WATER RESOURCES systems PLANNING

AND MANAGEMENT
(KKKA6953)
Chapter 1
Haspina Bt. Sulaiman (P46005)
Fahrurrazi B. Hj Mahyun (P46041)
Nazila Bt. Masdor (P46004)
Shahirah Hayati Bt. Mohd Salleh
( P50914 )
Nurul Aini Bt. Osman (P50959)
WATER RESOURCES PLANNING AND
MANAGEMENT

CHAPTER 1

An overview
Sub -topic
 introduction
PROBLEM??
WATER RESOURCES SYSTEMS
:
TYPICAL CAUSE OF FAILURES
GOAL
 APPROACH
WATER RESOURCES SYSTEMS :
PLANNING , DEVELOPING AND
MANAGING
HUMANS ACTIVITIES
Some Case Studies
1. KURDS SEEK LAND , TURKS
WANT WATER

The Tigris and

Euphrates
Rivers in
Turkey,
northern Syria
and Iraq
 CASE : THEIR WATERS ARE CRITICAL
RESOURCES , POLITICALLY AS WELL AS
GEOGRAPHICALLY

Solution: Great Anatolla Project (GAP)

2 . SHARING THE WATER OF THE JORDAN
RIVER BASIN : IS THERE A WAY?

The Jordan river

between israel and
Jordan
3 . MENDING THE MIGHTY AND
MUDDY MISSOURI

Major
rivers in
the
continent
al United
States
4 . THE ENDANGERED SALMON
The Snake and Columbia River reservoirs identified by the Columbia
and Snake River Campaign for modification or dismantling to permit
salmon passage.
5. THE YELLOW RIVER : HOW TO
KEEP THE WATER FLOWING
Aid to Environment or Threat to Lake?


LAKE SOURCE COOLING :

FIGURE : THE COLD DEEP WATERS OF LAKE CAYUGA ARE BEING
USED TO COOL THE BUILDINGS OF A LOCAL SCHOOL &
UNIVERSITY ( ITHACA CITY ENVIRONMENTAL LABORATORY )
 MANAGING WATER IN
THE FLORIDA
EVERGLADES

MANAGING WATER IN THE FLORIDA

EVERGLADES Figure :
Scenes of the
Everglades in
southern Florida
MANAGING WATER IN THE FLORIDA
EVERGLADES
FIGURE : PUMP STATION ON A DRAINAGE CANAL IN
SOUTHERN FLORIDA .
the greater Everglades ecosystem relate to both water quality
SOLUTION
RESTORATION OF EUROPE ’ S
RIVERS & SEAS
THE RHINE
RIVER

Figure :
The Rhine River
basin of western
Europe & its
extent in the
Netherlands .
 THE
DANUBE
RIVER

Figure :
The Danube
River in
central
Europe
 THE NORTH
& BALTIC
SEAS

Figure :
Europe ’ s major
river and seas
 EGYPT & THE
NILE : LIMITS
TO
AGRICULTURAL
GROWTH

Figure :
The Nile
Basin
DAMMING THE
MEKONG

Figure : Figure : The Mekong River

The Lower is one of the few
Mekong River rivers that is still
Basin equilibrium with
surrounding life .
IMPORTANT OF PLANNING
AND MANAGE WATER
WHY PLAN , WHY MANAGE?

GOALS
WHY PLAN , WHY MANAGE?
 TOO LITTLE WATER
ISSUES
TOO LITTLE WATER
( CONT .)
 TOO MUCH WATER

In many river basins of developed areas, the

level of annual expected flood damage is
increasing over time, in spite of increased
expenditures on flood damage reduction
measures

This is mainly due to increased economic
development on river floodplains, not to
increased frequencies or magnitudes of floods
TOO MUCH WATER ( CONT .)
 TOO MUCH WATER ( CONT .)
vAPPROPRIATE LEVEL OF RISK
–
v
v
v
v
v
v
v
v
v
v
v
v
v
v
v
v
v
TOO MUCH WATER ( CONT .)
POLLUTED WATER
POLLUTED WATER ( CONT .)
POLLUTED WATER ( CONT .)
DEGREDATION OF AQUATIC AND
REPARIAN ECOSYSTEMS
DEGREDATION OF AQUATIC AND
REPARIAN ECOSYSTEMS ( CONT .)
 OTHER PLANNING AND
MANAGEMENT ISSUES

NAVIGATION
§Industrial and related port development may
result in the demand for deeper rivers to
allow the operation of larger draught cargo
vessels in the river
§River channel improvement cannot be detached
from functions such as water supply and flood
control
§Narrowing the river for shipping purposes may
increase floodwater levels
 OTHER PLANNING AND
MANAGEMENT ISSUES ( CONT .)
RIVER BANK EROSION
Bank erosion can be a serious problem where
people are living close to morphologically
active (eroding) rivers
Predictions of changes in river courses due to
bank erosion and bank accretion are important
inputs to land use planning in river valleys
and the choice of locations for bridges and
hydraulic structures.
 OTHER PLANNING AND
MANAGEMENT ISSUES ( CONT .)
RESERVOIR RELATED ISSUES
Degradation of the riverbed upstream of
reservoirs may increase the risks of flooding
in those areas

Reservoir construction inevitably results in

loss of land and forces the evacuation of
residents due to impoundment

The water and sediment quality in the

reservoir may deteriorate and the in-flowing
sediment may accumulate, reducing the active
(useful) capacity of the reservoir
 SYSTEM COMPONENTS ,
PLANNING SCALES AND
SUSTAINABILITY
SYSTEM COMPONENTS , PLANNING
SCALES AND SUSTAINABILITY
3 interdependent subsystems :
the Natural River Subsystem ( NRS ) in
which the physical, chemical and biological
processes
the Socio - Economic Subsystem ( SES ) , which
includes the human activities related to the
use of the natural river system
the Administrative and Institutional
Subsystem ( AIS ) of administration,
legislation and regulation, where the decision
and planning and management processes take
place.
SYSTEM COMPONENTS , PLANNING
SCALES AND SUSTAINABILITY
 Inadequate attention to one can destroy the value of any
work done to improve the performance of the others.










 Figure 1 . 19 . Interactions among subsystems and
between them and their environment .


 SPATIAL SCALES FOR
PLANNING AND MANAGEMENT
Watersheds or river basins are usually
considered logical regions for water resources
planning and management

If the impacts of decisions regarding water

resources management are contained within the
watershed or basin
üHow land and water are managed in one part of a
river basin can affect the land and water in other
parts of the basin?
 SPATIAL SCALES FOR
PLANNING AND MANAGEMENT
( CONT .)
SOLUTIONS…BY:
Maximize the economic and social
benefits obtained from the entire basin
Ensure that these benefits and
accompanying costs are equitably
distributed, planning and management is
often undertaken on a basin scale
 TEMPORAL SCALES FOR
PLANNING AND MANAGEMENT

Decisions for the immediate

future :
long-term future impacts (depend
on economic, demographic and
physical conditions)
based on updated forecasts, then-
current information and planning
and management objectives.
TEMPORAL SCALES FOR PLANNING
AND MANAGEMENT
 SUSTAINABILITY

Designed and managed to best serve people

living today and in the future

Consideration of the long term impacts on

future generations of actions taken now is the
essence of sustainable development

Water resource management problems at a river

basin level are rarely purely technical and of
interest only to those living within the
individual river basins where those problems
exist
 SUSTAINABILITY ( CONT .)

The inclusion of sustainability criteria (economic,

environmental, ecological and social) used to
evaluate alternative water resources development and
management strategies, may identify a need to change
how we commonly develop and use our water resources

Also need to consider the impacts of change

 SUSTAINABILITY ( CONT .)
IMPACT OF CHANGE
Certain is change over time, it affect the physical ,
biological and social dimensions of water resource
systems
Anticipation of change is change due to
geomorphologic processes, the aging of infrastructure,
shifts in demands or desires of a changing society, and
even increased variability of water supplies, possibly
because of a changing climate

Sustainable water resources systems are those designed and

operated in ways that make them more adaptive, robust and
resilient to an uncertain and changing future
SUSTAINABILITY ( CONT .)
APPROACHES
TOP-DOWN (COMMAND &
CONTROL)
BOTTOM-UP (GRASS
ROOTS)
INTEGRATED WATER
RESOURCES
MANAGEMENT (IWRM)
ASPECTS