Aws100 WS 04-2

Workshop 4.
Comparing 2D and 3D
Structural Analysis
Comparing 2D and 3D Structural Analysis
Workshop 4.2 - Goals
Workshop Supplement
Workshop 4.2 consists of a 2 part assembly representing a

pressure cap and retaining flange (full model shown below).
We will solve the model in 2 ways, as a 90 degree symmetry sector

and as a 2D axisymmetric model (shown on next page).
Our goal is to compare the 2 methods both for consistency and

for economy.
Pressure Cap
Retaining Ring
Full Model
ANSYS Workbench - Simulation
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Workshop 4.2 - Geometry

Shown here are the 3D sector model and the 2D
axisymmetry model.
Pressure Cap
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Retaining Ring
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Workshop 4.2 - Assumptions

Assumptions:
The retaining ring is fixed at its mounting holes.
The contact region between the parts is frictionless.
The base of the pressure cap is constrained using a
compression only support.
Note: due to the presence of the bolt holes the structure is not
truly axisymmetric. Part of our goal is to determine the validity
of the axisymmetric assumption in this case.
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Workshop 4.2 - Start Page

From the launcher start Simulation.
When DS starts, close the Template

menu by clicking the X in the corner
of the window.
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Workshop 4.2 Geometry Setup

Before importing the geometry
highlight the Geometry branch
and change the Analysis Type
preference to 2D in the details.
Choose Geometry > From File . . .

and browse to the file
Axisym_pressure_2D.x_t.
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Workshop 4.2 Preprocessing

Units > Metric (mm, Kg, N, C, s).
2. Highlight Parts 1 and 2 in the tree and

rename Retaining Ring and Pressure
Cap.
3. In the details for each part, change their
Behavior to Axisymmetric.
2
3
1. Set the working unit system to the metric

mm system.
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4. From details for the Pressure

Cap and import the material
Stainless Steel.
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Workshop 4.2 Contact
Highlight the Contact Region and notice the target contains a

single edge. We will add a second edge to insure all possible
contact is detected.
Additional target
edge to be added
(shown dashed)
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6. Apply the new selection.
5
Select Edges
Note: if you have difficulty selecting the edges of the Pressure Cap, use
the hide feature to hide the retaining ring during selection.
5. Click in the Target field then select the 2 edges of the pressure
cap shown here.
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Workshop Supplement
8. Highlight the Mesh branch, RMB and

Preview Mesh (note the speed with
which the 2D mesh is generated as well
as the density).
7. In the Contact Region detail change the

Type to Frictionless.
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Workshop 4.2 Environment

Highlight the Environment
branch.
10. Select the 3 inside edges of

the Pressure Cap.
11. RMB > Insert > Structural >
Pressure.
12. Set the pressure magnitude =
0.1 MPa.
10
11
9.
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14. RMB > Insert > Compression

Only Support.
14
13
13. Highlight the bottom edge of the

pressure cap.
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Workshop Supplement
16. RMB > Insert > Fixed Support.
16
15
Remember, the axisymmetric assumption here is that the retaining ring is a

continuous solid. Actually there are bolt holes around its circumference. For
this reason, when the model was created in DesignModeler this separate line
was intentionally created to provide a location to add our support.
15. Select the middle line on the top

of the retaining ring.
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Workshop 4.2 Solution

Highlight the Solution branch, RMB
and insert:
17
17. Stress > Equivalent (von-Mises)

18. Deformation > Total
19. Switch to body select mode, select

the pressure cap and repeat steps 16
and 17.
19
Solve
Note, the last two results are now scoped to the

pressure cap. This will allow us to isolate its
response.
18
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Note: due to the fact that the pressure cap is constrained using
frictionless contact and a compression only support, weak springs are
added to prevent rigid body motion.
20
Notes on axisymmetry:
1.
Notice that the model lies completely in +X space with the Y axis as the axis
of revolution. This is required for axisymmetry.
2.
Axisymmetry assumes that the model is a complete 360 degree model. For
this reason no constraints in the X direction are required. The portion of
the pressure load acting in the +X direction is assumed to be offset by an
equal portion in the X direction.
20. OK the weak spring message.
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Workshop 4.2 Postprocessing

Highlight each of the result objects to inspect the response.
Note: due to meshing and machine variations, results may not match
exactly those shown here.
For future reference, highlight the Equivalent Stress 2 result

(scoped) and note the maximum value here:________________
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Highlight the Solution branch,
RMB > Insert > Solution
Information > Solution
Information.
The graphics window will change to the Worksheet view. Scroll to the bottom of
the solution information and note the Elapsed Time (this will vary by machine).
Elapsed Time = ___________________________
Note, CP time represents the sum for all processors used. In multiprocessor machines it will generally
exceed elapsed time.
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Workshop 4.2 3D Symmetry Model
Workshop Supplement
Close the current project (you may save the current 2D

Simulation if desired).
Well now set up and solve the 3D symmetry model using

the same boundary conditions.
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Workshop 4.2 - Start Page

From the launcher start Simulation.
When DS starts, close the Template

menu by clicking the X in the corner
of the window.
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Workshop 4.2 Geometry Setup

Choose Geometry > From File . . .
and browse to the file
Axisym_pressure_3D.x_t.
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Units > Metric (mm, Kg, MPa, C, s).
Note, once again rename the 2 parts in the model Retaining

Ring and Pressure Cap
1. The working unit system should still be set

to the metric mm system.
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2. From details for the Pressure

Cap and import the material
Stainless Steel.
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4. Highlight the Mesh branch, RMB and

Preview Mesh.
Refer to p. 4.1-11 to compare the 2D mesh.
3. Highlight the Contact Region branch and

change the Type to Frictionless.
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6. RMB > Insert > Frictionless Support.
Note, frictionless supports provide constraints in the normal

direction. This is used to model the symmetry condition.
6
Note: there are
six (6) faces to
select.
5. From the Environment branch highlight the 6 faces representing

the planes of symmetry (cut planes).
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7. Highlight the bottom face of the pressure cap,

RMB > Insert > Compression Only Support.
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9.
Change the Magnitude to 0.1 in the

detail window.
8. Highlight the 3 inside faces on the pressure cap,

RMB > Insert > Pressure.
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10
10. Highlight the 3 cylindrical faces of the bolt holes,

RMB > Insert > Fixed Support.
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Highlight the Solution branch, RMB
and insert:
11
11. Stress > Equivalent (von-Mises)

12. Deformation > Total
13. Switch to body select mode, select

the pressure cap and repeat steps 16
and 17.
Solve
13
As before, the last two results are scoped to the

pressure cap.
12
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As before highlight each of the result objects and inspect the

response.
For reference, highlight the Equivalent Stress 2 result (scoped)

and note the maximum value here:________________
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Highlight the Solution branch,
RMB > Insert > Solution
Information > Solution
Information.
The graphics window will change to the Worksheet view. Scroll to the bottom of
the solution information and note the Elapsed Time (this will vary by machine).
Elapsed Time = ___________________________
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Workshop 4.2 Comparison
Workshop Supplement
Using the example shown in the exercise we now compare

analyses (note, your actual results may vary from those shown
here. Also, your solution times will almost certainly differ from
those shown here.
Maximum von-Mises Stress Results:

Axisymmetric = 0.829 MPa
3D Symmetry = 0.749 MPa
Note, meshing differences account for the results difference (see next page). Recall
that the 2D model resulted in a more refined mesh than the 3D. The next page
shows the results from a more refined 3D model.
Elapsed Time:
Axisymmetric = 8.0 seconds
3D Symmetry = 40.0 seconds
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Workshop 4.2 Comparison

Maximum von-Mises Stress Results:
3D Symmetry (refined) = 0.852 MPa
Elapsed Time:
3D Symmetry (refined) = 578.0 seconds
Results using a more

refined mesh with the 3D
symmetry model
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Workshop 4.

Comparing 2D and 3D Structural Analysis

Workshop 4.2 - Goals

Workshop 4.2 consists of a 2 part assembly representing a

We will solve the model in 2 ways, as a 90 degree symmetry sector

Our goal is to compare the 2 methods both for consistency and

ANSYS Workbench - Simulation

Comparing 2D and 3D Structural Analysis

Workshop 4.2 - Geometry

ANSYS Workbench - Simulation

Comparing 2D and 3D Structural Analysis

Workshop 4.2 - Assumptions

ANSYS Workbench - Simulation

Comparing 2D and 3D Structural Analysis

Workshop 4.2 - Start Page

When DS starts, close the Template

ANSYS Workbench - Simulation

Comparing 2D and 3D Structural Analysis

Workshop 4.2 Geometry Setup

Choose Geometry > From File . . .

ANSYS Workbench - Simulation

Comparing 2D and 3D Structural Analysis

Workshop 4.2 Preprocessing

2. Highlight Parts 1 and 2 in the tree and

ANSYS Workbench - Simulation

1. Set the working unit system to the metric

Comparing 2D and 3D Structural Analysis

Workshop 4.2 Preprocessing

ANSYS Workbench - Simulation

4. From details for the Pressure

Comparing 2D and 3D Structural Analysis

Workshop 4.2 Contact

Highlight the Contact Region and notice the target contains a

ANSYS Workbench - Simulation

Comparing 2D and 3D Structural Analysis

Workshop 4.2 Contact

6. Apply the new selection.

ANSYS Workbench - Simulation

Comparing 2D and 3D Structural Analysis

Workshop 4.2 Contact

8. Highlight the Mesh branch, RMB and

ANSYS Workbench - Simulation

7. In the Contact Region detail change the

Comparing 2D and 3D Structural Analysis

Workshop 4.2 Environment

10. Select the 3 inside edges of

ANSYS Workbench - Simulation

Comparing 2D and 3D Structural Analysis

Workshop 4.2 Environment

14. RMB > Insert > Compression

ANSYS Workbench - Simulation

13. Highlight the bottom edge of the

Comparing 2D and 3D Structural Analysis

Workshop 4.2 Environment

16. RMB > Insert > Fixed Support.

Remember, the axisymmetric assumption here is that the retaining ring is a

ANSYS Workbench - Simulation

15. Select the middle line on the top

Comparing 2D and 3D Structural Analysis

Workshop 4.2 Solution

17. Stress > Equivalent (von-Mises)

19. Switch to body select mode, select

Note, the last two results are now scoped to the