and
Social Organizations
Social Classification
Social Groups
Social Categories
Social Aggregates
Social Group
Consists of at least two people who have one
or more goals in common and share common
ways of thinking and behaving
Social Aggregate
A collection of people who happen to be at
the same place at the same time but who
have no other connection to one another.
Social Category
A collection of people who share a particular
characteristic. They do not necessarily
interact with one another and have nothing
else in common.
Types of Social
Groups
Secondary Group
Primary Group
People who are emotionally close and seek
one anothers company
Secondary Group
People who share only part of their lives
while focusing on a goal or task
According to Self-Identification
In-Group
Out-Group
Reference Group
In-Group
Out-Group
Reference Group
Social Interactions
The way people talk and act with each other
and various structures in society.
More on Conformity
People largely conform to group
norms.
Three important studies to know:
Solomon Asch: Group pressure
Stanley Milgram: Obedience to
authority
Irving L. Janis: Groupthink
Leadership
Types of Leaders
Transformational Leader
Transactional Leader
Social Organizations
Are groups that associate for the purpose of
achieving some goal or action.
Have identifiable membership.
Formal Organization
Takes on a highly rational form, with a clear
chain of command and standard operating
procedures (SOPs).
Formality is often for the purposes of legality
and legitimacy.
Organizational Theories
A.
Bureaucracy Theories
B.
C.
Oligarchy
Bureaucracy
o A formal organization best known for
its style of hierarchical authority.
Advantages:
Effectiveness
careful operations
Disadvantages :
Dehumanizing
red tape
Oligarchy
A Sociological theory that emphasizes the
rule of the few over the many