P H Y S IC A L

D EV ELO P M EN T
BY :
FATIMAH ATIQAH BT MOHD RASOL

G RO SS M O TO R AN D FIN E
M O TO R D EVELO PM M EN T
Term "gross motor" development

refers to physical skills that use large

body movements, normally involving
the entire body
Ages 2 and 3 years :
Stop "toddling," or using the
awkward, wide-legged robot-like
stance that is the hallmark of new
walkers
Develop the ability to run, jump, and

 3 to 4 years old :
Can climb up stairs using a method

of bringing both feet together on

each step before proceeding to the
next step
Children develop better upper body
mobility
Ages 5 to 6 :
They're running even faster and can
start to ride bicycles with training
wheels for added stability

FIN E M O TO R
Fine motor skills are necessary to

engage in smaller, more precise

movements, normally using the hands
and fingers
ages 2 to 3 years :
They can build towers out of blocks,
mold clay into rough shapes, and
scribble with a crayon or pen
ages 3 to 4 years :
children start to manipulate clothing
fasteners, like zippers and snaps, and
continue to gain independence in
dressing and undressing themselves

 Olds continue to refine their eating skills and

can use utensils like forks and spoons

Ages 4 to 5 years :
children continue to refine fine motor skills and
build upon earlier skills
They can now button and unbutton their
clothes by themselves
5-7 year-olds :
Begin to show the skills necessary for starting
or succeeding in school, such as printing
letters and numbers and creating shapes such
as triangles
Able to use paints, pencils and crayons with
better control

R O B ER T JA M ES
H A V IG H U R S T:
DEVELOPMENTAL THEORIST
A successful mother sets her
children free and becomes free
herself in the process.

Robert Jam es H avighurst

Robert James Havighurst
(June 5, 1900 in De Pere, Wisconsin
January 31, 1991 in Richmond, Indiana)
A professor, physicist, educator, and
aging expert.
Both his father, Freeman Alfred
Havighurst, and mother, Winifred Weter
Havighurst, had been educators at
Lawrence University.
According to his family, Havighurst died
of Alzheimer's disease at the age of
ninety.

H avighurst 6 M ajor Stages

in H um an Life
Infancy & early

childhood (Birth till 6

years old)

Middle
childhood (612 years old)

 Adolescence (13-18 years old)

Early Adulthood (19-30 years old)
Middle Age (30-60 years old)
Later maturity (60 years old and

over)

(A ges 0-5) Infancy Early

C hildhood
Learning to walk.
Learning to crawl.
Learning to take solid food.
Learning to talk.
Learning to control the elimination
of body wastes.
6. Learning sex differences and sexual modesty.
7. Getting ready to read.
8. Forming concepts and learning language to
describe social and physical reality.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.

(A ges 6-12) M iddle

C hi
ldhood
1.
Learning
physical skills necessary for ordinary
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.

games.
Learning to get along with age mates.
Building wholesome attitudes toward oneself as
a growing organism.
Learning on appropriate masculine or feminine
social role.
Developing fundamental skills in reading,
writing, and calculating
Developing concepts necessary for everyday
living.
Developing conscience, morality and a scale of
values.
Achieving personal independence.
Developing attitudes toward social groups and
institutions

REFEREN CES
Retrieved on 29th January 2013 from

http://www.peoi.org/Courses/Coursesen/
nursepractice/ch/ch6a.html
John W. Santrock. (2007). Child
Development Eleventh Edition. New
York. McGraw-Hill International Edition.
Mok Soon Sang. (2012). Perkembangan
Kanak-Kanak. Selangor. Penerbitan
Multimedia Sdn. Bhd.
Retrieved on 29th January 2013 from
http://
www.bhcmhmr.org/poc/view_doc.php?