PELVIS
Dr. Dodi S, SpOG
a. PELVIC ANATOMY
b. PELVIC JOINTS
- Symphysis pubis
- Sacroiliac joints
- Relaxation of the pelvic joints
( especially during pregnancy)
HODGE PLANE
I
= Pelvic inlet
II
III
IV
PELVIC SHAPES
CALDWELL - MOLOY CLASSIFICATION (1933 - 34)
Gynecoid pelvis
Android pelvis
Anthropoid pelvis
Platypelloid pelvis
GYNECOID PELVIS
- Almost 50% of white women (Todd Collection study)
- Ascertained the frequency of the four parent pelvic types
by study of Todds Collection ( Caldwell & CoWorkers,1939)
ANDROID PELVIS
- 1/3 of pure type pelvis ( white women), 1/6 non white women
- The extreme android pelvis presages poor prognosis for vaginal
delivery
- The frequency of difficult forceps operations increases
ANTHROPOID PELVIS
- 1/4 pure type pelvis in white women and nearly
1 1/2 of those in non white women
PLATYPELLOID PELVIS
- Rarest of the pure varieties ( < 3% )
CALDWELL
MOLOY
PELVIC INLET
- Obstetrical conjugate ( normal > 10 cm)
- Diagonal conjugate
CD - 1.5 to 2 cm = True conjugate
Outer measurement
Distantia spinarum
Distantia cristarum
External conjugate (Baudelaque)
Vaginal examination
ENGAGEMENT
The biparietal diameter, the greatest transverse
diameter of the fetal head in occiput presentations,
passes through the pelvic inlet is designated
engagement (during the last few weeks of pregnancy)
A normal sized head usually does not engage with
its sagittal suture directed anteroposteriorly.
Instead, the fetal head usually enters the pelvic inlet
either in the transverse diameter or in one of the
oblique diameters.
ASYNCLITISM
DESCENT
In nulliparas, engagement may take place before the onset
of labor and further descent may not follow until the onset
of second stage. In multiparous women, descent usually
begins with engagement.
Descent is brought about by one or more of four forces :
Pressure of the amniotic fluid
Direct pressure of the fundus upon the breech with
contractions
Bearing down efforts with the abdominal muscles
Extensions and straightening of the fetal body