Flip Flop

What is a Flip Flop?

Flip-Flops
"Flip-flop" is the common name given to
two-state devices which offer basic
memory for sequential logic operations.
Flip-flops are heavily used for digital data
storage and transfer and are commonly
used in banks called "registers" for the
storage of binary numerical data.

Sequential Logic
In digital circuit theory, sequential logic is
a type of logic circuit whose output depends
not only on the present value of its input
signals but on the past history of its inputs.
This is in contrast to combinational logic,
whose output is a function of only the
present input. That is, sequential logic has
state (memory) while combinational logic
does not. Or, in other words, sequential logic
is combinational logic with memory.

Sequential Logic

Flip Flops
The memory elements in a
sequential circuit are called flip-flops.
A flip-flop circuit has two outputs,
one for the normal value and one for
the complement value of the stored
bit.
Binary information can enter a flipflop in a variety of ways and gives
rise to different types of flip-flops.

Flip Flop Chip

Flip Flop Circuit

Types Of Flip Flops

How To Construct Flip Flop?

A flip-flop circuit can be constructed
from two NAND gates or two NOR
gates.

SR Flip Flop (latch)

Each flip-flop has two outputs, Q and
Q', and two inputs, set and reset.
When Q=1 and Q'=0, it is in the set
state (or 1-state). When Q=0 and
Q'=1, it is in the clear state (or 0state)

Basic flip-flop circuit with NOR gates

Basic flip-flop circuit with NAND

gates

D Flip-Flop
The D input goes directly into the
S input and the complement of
the D input goes to the R input.
The D input is sampled during
the occurrence of a clock pulse.
If it is 1, the flip-flop is switched
to the set state (unless it was
already set). If it is 0, the flip-flop
switches to the clear state.

D FLIP FLOP

JK FLIP FLOPS
Inputs J and K behave like inputs S and
R to set and clear the flip-flop (note
that in a JK flip-flop, the letter J is for
set and the letter K is for clear).
When logic 1 inputs are applied to
both J and K simultaneously, the flipflop switches to its complement
state, ie., if Q=1, it switches to Q=0
and vice versa.

JK FLIP FLOPS

T FLIP FLOP
The T flip-flop is a single input version
of the JK flip-flop.the T flip-flop is
obtained from the JK type if both
inputs are tied together. The output
of the T flip-flop "toggles" with each
clock pulse.

T FLIP FLOP

Triggering of Flip-flops
The state of a flip-flop is changed by a
momentary change in the input
signal. This change is called a trigger
and the transition it causes is said to
trigger the flip-flop.

Triggering of Flip-flops
The clock pulse goes through two signal
transitions: from 0 to 1 and the return from
1 to 0. As shown in Figure 8 the positive
transition is defined as the positive edge
and the negative transition as the
negative edge.