Chapter 04

Discovering Computers
Fundamentals,
2011 Edition
Living in a Digital World
Objectives Overview
See Page 135

for Detailed Objectives
Discovering Computers and Microsoft Office

2007
System Software
System software consists of the
programs that control or maintain the
operations of the computer and its
devices
Page 136

2007
Operating Systems
An operating system (OS) is a set of
programs containing instructions that work
together to coordinate all the activities among
computer hardware resources
Page 137

2007
Operating Systems
Pages 136 137

Figure 4-1

2007
Operating System Functions

The process of starting or restarting a
computer is called booting
Page 138
Figure 4-2

2007

An operating system includes various
shut down options
Page 138

2007

A user interface
controls how you
enter data and
instructions and
how information
is displayed on
the screen
With a graphical
user interface
(GUI), you
interact with
menus and visual
images
Pages 138 139
Figure 4-3a

2007

With a command-line interface, a
user uses the keyboard to enter data
and instructions
Page 139
Figure 4-3b

2007

How an operating system handles
programs directly affects your
productivity
Pages 139 - 141

2007
10
Page 140
Figure 4-4

2007
11

Memory management optimizes the use of
RAM
Virtual memory is a portion of a storage
medium functioning as additional RAM
Windows ReadyBoost can allocate available
memory in flash memory devices as
additional memory cache
Page 141

2007
12

The operating system determines the
order in which tasks are processed
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Pages 141 - 142

Figure 4-5

2007
13
Page 142

Web Link from left
navigation, then click Plug
and Play
below Chapter 4

2007
14

Operating systems typically provide a
means to establish Internet connections
Page 142
Figure 4-6

2007
15

A performance monitor is a program
that assesses and reports information
about various computer resources and
devices
Page 143

2007
16

Operating systems often provide users
with the capability of:
Page 143

2007
17

Automatic update automatically
provides updates to the program
Page 143

2007
18

Some operating
systems are designed
to work with a server
on a network
A server operating
system organizes
and coordinates how
multiple users access
and share resources
on a network
Pages 143 - 144
A network
administrator uses
the server
operating system
to:
Add and remove
users, computers,
and other devices
Install software and
administer network
security

2007
19

Each user has a
user account
A user name, or
user ID, identifies a
specific user
A password is a
private combination
of characters
associated with the
user name
Page 144
Figure 4-7

2007
20
Types of Operating Systems
Page 145
Figure 4-8

2007
21
Stand-Alone Operating
Systems
A stand-alone operating system is a
complete operating system that works
on a desktop computer, notebook
computer, or mobile computing device
Page 146

2007
22
Systems
Windows 7 is Microsofts fastest, most
efficient operating system to date and is
available in multiple editions:
Page 147

Web Link from left
navigation, then click
Windows 7
below Chapter 4

2007
23
Systems
Page 146
Figure 4-9

2007
24
Systems
The Macintosh operating system has
set the standard for operating system
ease of use
Latest version is Mac OS X

Web Link from left
navigation, then click Mac OS
X
below Chapter 4
Page 147
Figure 4-10

2007
25
Systems

Web Link from left
navigation, then click Linux
below Chapter 4
Pages 147 148

Figures 4-11 4-12

2007
26
Server Operating Systems
Pages 148 - 149

2007
27
Embedded Operating Systems

An embedded operating system resides on
a ROM chip on a mobile device or consumer
electronic device
Page 149

2007
28
Utility Programs
A utility program is a type of system
software that allows a user to perform
maintenance-type tasks
Page 150
Figure 4-14

2007
29
Utility Programs
A file manager is a
utility that performs
functions related to
file management
Displaying a list of
files
Organizing files in
folders
Copying, renaming,
deleting, moving, and
sorting files and
folders
Page 151
Figure 4-15

2007
30
Utility Programs
A search utility is a program that
attempts to locate a file on your
computer based on criteria you specify
Page 151
Figure 4-16

2007
31
Utility Programs
An uninstaller
removes a program,
as well as any
associated entries
in the system files
An image viewer
allows users to
display, copy, and
print the contents of
a graphics file
Page 151
Figure 4-17

2007
32
Utility Programs
A disk cleanup utility searches for and
removes unnecessary files
Downloaded program
files
Temporary Internet
files
Deleted files
Unused program
files
Page 152

2007
33
Utility Programs
A disk defragmenter reorganizes the
files and unused space on a computers
hard disk so that the operating system
accesses data more quickly and programs
run faster
Defragmenting
Page 152
Figure 4-18

2007
34
Utility Programs
A backup utility
allows users to copy
files to another
storage medium
A restore utility
reverses the
process and returns
backed up files to
their original form
Page 152

2007
35
Utility Programs
A screen saver
causes a display
devices screen to
show a moving
image or blank
screen if no activity
occurs for a
specified time
Page 153
Figure 4-19
A personal
firewall detects
and protects a
personal computer
from unauthorized
intrusions

2007
36
Utility Programs
Page 154

2007
37
Video: Free Online Antivirus
CLICK TO START
2007
38
Utility Programs
Pages 154 155

Figures 4-20 4-21

2007
39
Utility Programs
Page 155

2007
40
Utility Programs
Filters are programs that remove or
block certain items from being displayed
Pages 155 - 156

2007
41
Utility Programs
A file compression utility shrinks the size of
a file(s)
Compressing files frees up room on the storage
media
Compressed files sometimes are called

zipped files
Can be uncompressed

Web Link from left
navigation, then click WinZip
below Chapter 4
Page 156

2007
42
Utility Programs
A media player allows you to view
images and animation, listen to audio,
and watch video files on your computer
Page 156
Figure 4-22

2007
43
Utility Programs
Disc burning
software writes
text, graphics,
audio, and video
files on a
recordable or
rewritable optical
disc
Page 157
Figure 4-23

2007
44
Utility Programs
A personal
computer
maintenance utility
identifies and fixes
operating system
problems, detects and
repairs disk problems,
and includes the
capability of improving
a computers
performance
Page 157
Figure 4-24

2007
45
Summary
Page 158

2007
46
Discovering Computers
Fundamentals,
2011 Edition
Living in a Digital World
Chapter 4 Complete

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Discovering Computers and Microsoft Office

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Discovering Computers and Microsoft Office

Operating System Functions

Discovering Computers and Microsoft Office

Operating System Functions

Discovering Computers and Microsoft Office

Operating System Functions

Discovering Computers and Microsoft Office

Operating System Functions

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Operating System Functions

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Discovering Computers and Microsoft Office

Operating System Functions

Discovering Computers and Microsoft Office

Operating System Functions

Discovering Computers and Microsoft Office

Operating System Functions

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Operating System Functions

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Operating System Functions

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Operating System Functions

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Operating System Functions

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Operating System Functions

Discovering Computers and Microsoft Office

Types of Operating Systems

Discovering Computers and Microsoft Office

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Server Operating Systems

Pages 148 - 149

Discovering Computers and Microsoft Office

Embedded Operating Systems

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Discovering Computers and Microsoft Office

Discovering Computers and Microsoft Office

Discovering Computers and Microsoft Office

Discovering Computers and Microsoft Office

Discovering Computers and Microsoft Office

Discovering Computers and Microsoft Office