The First International Conference on Radiation and Dosimetry in Various Fields of Research

Ni, Serbia, April 25 - 27th, 2012

Odessa National Medical University

The First International Conference on Radiation and Dosimetry in Various Fields of Research
Ni, Serbia, April 25 - 27th, 2012

Field nature of Life

Valeriy Zaporozhan and Andriy Ponomarenko
Odessa National Medical University, Ukraine

Realization of the correct hierarchy of life-keeping and life-regulatory structures

and forces is very important for scientific progress. Evolution of our
conceptualization in the field has been intimately coupled with the progress in our
general scientific knowledge and accessible methodology
Conditional gradation of our understanding of the main life-keeping and liferegulating entity:

1) Spiritual:

Temple of spirit by White Citrus, from Digital Art

Gallery Online

2) Morphological:

Picture from
Wikipedia

3) Biochemical: knowledge about different chemicals and their biological

effects accumulated. Chemical and Biochemical aspects of Life and disease
treatment attracted most scientific interest. Pharmacists elaborated remedies for
treatment of various diseases;

Doctor and Pharmacist from: Brunschwig, Hieronymus

4) Genomic:

Author:
Madprime

Accumulated data suggests that the genome is mostly an instrument than

independent player, and that the melody it produces depends significantly on
the musician who plays music (musician means: posttranslational
modifications, DNA methylation, histone acetilation and other epigenetic
effects influencing gene expression).

5) Proteomic: Understanding that the final protein structure

and protein assembly is the thing which really matters and
determines biological effects, brought to life the Proteom
Era.

Examples for subcellular localisation of different proteins

Is there a need to develop any other

conceptual model of Life organization ?
If yes, what the next concept will be?

We believe itll be worthy to consider the

Electromagnetic Fields produced by cells and
biomolecules (the Electromagnetic Life Matrix) and
corresponding interactions in living objects as the most
basic level of Life organization and regulation.

Fundamental interactions
Interaction

Mediators

Relative Strength Range(m)

Strong

gluons

1038

10-15

Electromagnetic

photons

1036

infinite

Weak

W and Z
bosons

1025

10-18

Gravitation

gravitons (not

infinite

yet discovered)

Table from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Can we find any life-specific interactions on this table ?

enzime-substrate interactions ? hormone-receptor interactions ?
promoter-target gene interactions ?....

The only known force that implements all specific biological

interactions is the Electromagnetic Force.

An example of protein interaction scheme

(from Kurt W. Kohn, Molecular Biology of the Cell Vol. 10, 27032734, August 1999)

There is a famous statement: Final manifestation of

each emotion is a muscle contraction
We would say that Final manifestation of each
emotion is ion redistribution in specific neurons and a
chain of electromagnetic interactions which elicit
muscle contraction

Electromagnetic force in Immunity

Evidences of the regulatory function of electric charges

in immune recognition and immune response:
The most immunogenic are regions of a protein that have
negative electrostatic potential [Geysen et al.].
Purposeful change of surface electric charge of antigens
cause alteration of their immunogenic properties
[Muckerheide et al.].
A straightforward correlation has been shown between the
net electrical charge on a variety of natural and synthetic
antigens and the type of antibody they elicited [Sela et al.].

DIFFERENCES IN ELECTROPHORETIC MOBILITY

BETWEEN DIFFERENT CELL TYPES:
between T and B cells;
between mature T-cells and
thymocytes
--lymphocytes isolated from bone marrow;
between normal and malignant cells;
between young erythrocytes and old ones.

Glycocalix
Glycocalyx is formed from free fragments of plasmalemmas
glycoproteins interconnected whith anionic-cationic movable bridges.
Glycocalyx is an executive apparatus, which mediates interaction of a
cell with intercellular medium and neighbouring cells.
Glycocalyx is needed for perception, recognition, transmission, and
modulation of incoming and outgoing cell signals in the form of
substance, energy, and information.
Many functions of glycocalyx are mediated via electric charge of its
components and by changes of this charge.

Electric charge of antibodies and possible

significance of this parameter

The index of Circulation and index of Epidemic danger for different influenza
strains in Odessa population at studied period according to average
concentration of positively and negatively charged specific antibodies in human
sera.

 Dynamics of the Index of epidemic danger for different influenza strains

in Odessa region (Ukraine).

Correlation between Electrokinetic potential of virions and

biological features of virus strains

Model of Influenza virus surface glycoprotein HA (model of Wilson et al.).

Arrow indicates localization of the receptor-binding pocket

An intimate feature of life is rhythmicity.

Life on the Earth since its very beginning experienced continuous
influences of Electromagnetic Radiation in form of Sun light and
Geomagnetic field. It is natural that bio-cycles became correlated
with these natural EM-signals:

Day-night cycles cause circadian biorhythms;

Annual rhythms are also well known;
Bio-rhythms of much more longer period exists, some of them
correlate with cycles of Solar activity.

An intimate feature of life is rhythmicity.

The cause and pacemaker of rhythmicity in numerous life processes
are Electromagnetic signals:

Circadian rhythm (picture from the

Wikipedia)

Biological clock (file from the Wikimedia

Commons)

Periodicities in solar and geomagnetic activity (from

Pulkkinen, T.
"Space Weather: Terrestrial Perspective", Living Rev. Solar
Phys. 2007).

Correlation between level of solar activity and

influenza pandemics in 20-th century (Tapping et al.)

Correlation of Solar and Geomagnetic activity with Human

morbidity and mortality

Stoupel E. Atherothrombosis: environmental links. J Basic Clin Physiol Pharmacol.

2008; 19 (1):37-47.

Stoupel E, Petrauskiene J, Abramson E, Kalediene R, Sulkes J. Distribution of monthly

deaths, solar (SA) and geomagnetic (GMA) activity: their interrelationship in the last
decade of the second millennium: the Lithuanian study 1990-1999. Biomed
Pharmacother. 2002; 56 Suppl 2:301s-308s.

Mikulecky M, Moravcikova C, Czanner S. Lunisolar tidal waves, geomagnetic activity and

epilepsy in the light of multivariate coherence. Braz J Med Biol Res. 1996 Aug; 29
(8):1069-72.

Neronov VV, Malkhazova SM, Ponirovskii EN, Charyev BCh. [The multiyear changes in
the epidemic activity of the foci of zoonotic cutaneous leishmaniasis at the Murgab
oasis. I. An analysis of the relations of morbidity to heliogeophysical factors]. Med
Parazitol (Mosk). 1996 Jul-Sep; (3):3-7.

Cornlissen G, Halberg F, Kovac M, Mikulecky M, Otsuka K, Bakken E. Geographic and

extraterrestrial aspects of morbidity and/or mortality patterns from myocardial infarction
and stroke. Biomed Pharmacother. 2005 Oct; 59 Suppl 1:S68-75.

What is the reason of the correlation

between
solar cycles and human health ?

 Schematic picture of Sun wind consisting of plasma fluxes

erupted from the Suns surface and their interaction with Earths
magnetic field.

 Magnetic fields can interact with magnetic dipoles of

electron spins, whose carriers are paramagnetic
molecules, metal ions and ion-radicals
Electrons and nuclei, which possess magnetic moment,
are the magnetic antennae in any biosystem, including
human beings. They are able to receive and radiate
electromagnetic energy selectively depending of the fields
frequency () and gyromagnetic ratio () (Fursa EY)

Proposed mechanisms of the biological effects of

extremely weak magnetic fields:
(1) Plasma membrane hypothesis: cell membrane is a
primary biological receiver of magnetic signals, it responds
by changes of its potential, and distribution and activity of
integral membrane proteins and ion channels (e.g., Ca2+
channels).
(2) Free radical mechanisms: magnetic fields can
increase the lifetime of free radicals. This results in an
increase in free radical concentration in cell compartments,
and biological changes, including activation of signaling
cascades (reviewed by M.Simko).
(3) The ion resonance model, which implicates the
combined action of the ELF MF and a weak static magnetic
field (for example - geomagnetic field).

Radical Pair mechanism of Magnetoreception

by Schulten and coauthors, 1978

The radical pair is generated by an electron transfer from a donor molecule D to an

acceptor molecule A. An external magnetic field affects interconversion between
singlet and triplet states of the radical pair. (Reproduced from [Schulten et al., 2000] )

Cryptochromes: Ancient Regulatory Proteins Sensitive to

Electromagnetic Radiation and Magnetic Fields
Cryptochrome is a signaling protein found in bacteria and a
wide variety of plants and animals.
Cryptochromes are ubiquitously expressed in the organs
and tissues, and have a predominantly nuclear localization.
Among known functions of CRY are the regulation of
growth and development (in plants) and entrainment of
circadian clocks.

Localization of CRY in nuclei of cells

(from Chaves I. t al., 2006).

 Scheme of the magnetic field effect on the radical pairs between

FADH and tryptophan in cryptochrome active site. (From Solov'yov IA
et al., 2007, reproduced by the kind permission of the authors and the publisher)

Genome-regulatory effects of CRY

Co-operation of CRY with the major circadian clock regulatortranscription factor CLOCK/BMAL1, transcriptional corepressors
and PER proteins. (From Chaves et al., 2006)

Scheme representing possible mechanisms of CRY bio-regulating activity. (a)

CLOCK/BMAL1-heterodimer function as transcriptional activator. (b) interaction
between CRY1 and CLOCK/BMAL1 causes CLOCK/BMAL1 to adopt a transcriptional
repression function. (c) modification of CRY activity by weak external magnetic field
and subsequent restoration of CLOCK/BMAL1 transcriptional activation function

Probable mechanisms of the magnetic field influence on gene expression and virus-host
interactions:
MAGNETIC FIELD
Cryptochromes
CLOCK/BMAL1 + CBP

membrane
potential

Ion
resonance
effects

ion channels
function

Circadian
genes
expressio
n

Circadian control of
stress and other noncircadian responses
by active transcriptional
repression mechanism

Ca2+ signaling
Ca2+-Operated
Transcriptional Networks

Expression and function of

proteins of NF-kB signaling
pathway
Immunity
regulation

Regulation flu
RNA synthesis

Regulation of virus-host interactions and other biological processes

 To summarize, CRY are unique bio-compounds, which

combines sensory and bioregulatory functions. They act as
mediators between living beings and their physical
environment, providing a mechanism for both the reception
of electromagnetic signals and the triggering (or entraining)
of biological responses.

It appears that biological effects of the

Electromagnetic field can be compared with
human speech: loudness has small effect, but
meaning is very important: several words can
ignite a conflict or, alternatively, to stop a war.

Signaling pathways probably affected by the

geomagnetic storms
NF-B is a protein complex that acts as a transcription factor. It is
widely expressed and regulates the expression of genes involved in
immune responses, inflammation, proliferation, apoptosis and other
cellular activities. It plays a key role in immune reactions, including
response to infection.
Genes encoding proteins of Rel/NF-B/IB pathway are exposed to
transcriptional regulation by the CRY/CLOCK/BMAL1 complex
CRY/CLOCK/BMAL1 transcription complex also regulates the
transcriptional activity of the glucocorticoid receptor.

Signaling pathways probably affected by the

geomagnetic storms
Several viruses, including HIV, have binding sites for NF-B that
control the expression of viral genes, which in turn contribute to viral
replication and/or pathogenicity. In the case of HIV-1, activation of NFB may, at least in part, be involved in activation of the virus from a
latent, inactive state [Hiscott, 2001]. This indicates the theoretical
possibility of magnetic field effects on the processes of HIV activation
and replication.
NF-B is chronically overexpressed in inflammatory diseases (arthritis,
sepsis, asthma, among others). There is evidence for a critical role of
NF-B in carcinogenesis, and NF-B is a key mediator of
chemotherapy resistance, as well as having a major role in tumor
development, particularly in its early phases [Pikarsky, 2006].

 Electric fields are present in all developing and

regenerating animal tissues, yet their existence and
potential impact on tissue repair and development are
largely ignored. This is primarily due to ignorance of the
phenomenon by most researchers, some technically poor
early studies of the effects of applied fields on cells, and
widespread misunderstanding of the fundamental concepts
that underlie bioelectricity. (McCaig et al., 2005).

Consequences of the magnetic field influence on gene expression and

virus-host interactions:

 Dynamics of our knowledge in the field confirms ideas of

Alexander Chizhevsky about the electromagnetic nature of
communications between spatially distant components of
the single whole (integrated) system comprising our
Biosphere and the Sun.

Has God separated heavens from the earth

by geomagnetic field ?

Use of biophysical approaches and electronics

for disease diagnostics, prophylaxis and treatment
Spiritual

Morphological

Biochemical
Genomic

Electromagnetic Matrix

Proteomic

Conclusions:

1. Biological reactions in living beings, including responses to stress and

infection, are probably sensitive to the functional activity of Cryptochromes,
which in turn may be regulated by weak magnetic field, like geomagnetic field,
thanks to the radical pair mechanism of magnetoreception;

2. Presented data suggest the potential use of magnetic fields for temporary
modification of the gene expression pattern in different cell types, without the
aid of gene transfer technologies;

3. Dynamics of the biological processes could be evaluated, predicted or

changed by way of study of corresponding EM-interactions and their biological
effects;

4. Elaboration of new efficient treatment methods can be achieved by utilizing

EMF. Examples: a) Stimulation of Cell differentiation and regeneration by
Magnetic field; b) Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation (TMS) for treatment of
various neurological and psychiatric disorders; c) New Cancer treatment
methods based on cancer cell membrane permeabilization using High
frequency EMF.

 Thank you for your attention !

Millimeter-range electromagnetic waves

therapy (UHF therapy)
apparatus EHF-ND

Main technical parameters

Weight, full set, kg

Consumed energy
EHF-radiation in wave length ( sweep width 100 mHz)
Power flux density of one emitter, mW/cm2
Exposure period, min

1.2
200V/50Hz- 12 W
7.1; 5.6; 4.9
4-12
1-99

Conclusions:

The correlation between EKP of virions and biological features of

influenza viruses has been shown. These results can be used for
prognosis of biological features of recently isolated and
experimentally obtained influenza viruses, that necessary both: for
perfection of epidemiological surveillance and creation of efficient
vaccines;
Correlation between average contents of definite subtypes of
specific influenza antibodies and serum inhibitors of agglutination
correlates with level of epidemiological danger of given flu strain for
studied human population;
Use of biophysical methods of treatment in clinics increases efficacy
of conventional treatment and decreases percentage of
complications.
Further exploration of direct and indirect mechanisms for
participation of electromagnetic interactions in various biological
activities is feasible and may yield many interesting results both: of
theoretical and clinical significance.