Concerns
Disusun oleh :
Introduction
15-20% Patient in US Hospitals are discharged
with the diagnoses of Genitourinary disorders
(adult Pop)
Spaceflight stress in AstronautGU tract
disorder
Rigorous exercise, microgravity, dietary changes,
<<drinking water, thermal stress
Microgravityweightlessness
2. Reduced Urine
Output ( 72 H on
weightlessness )
1. Diminished Plasma
Volume ( 12%<<)
3. Risk urinary
calculus >> due to
>>solute
concentration &
osmolality
Voiding Challenges
Mission schedulleintense operational
timelinedelayed basic needs (eat, drink and
voiding)
Inadequate fluid intake + subsequent relative
dehydration
Increase urine solute
concentration
Retention due to urinary
stasis (lower tract)
Activated
Negative Pressure on
Tank
Aspirating urine &
Faeces to the phase
separator
Waste water
tank can be
dumped
overboard
Urine Collecting
devicesPolythil
ene bag
>>volume
In Space Flight
Nephrolithiasis
Classification of renal stone :
Calcium (80% Urinary Calculi 65-75% Calcium
Oxalate or <5% Calcium Phospate)
Uric Acid (6%)
Struvite (Infection)/Magnesium ammonium
phospate
Cystine (1%)
Miscellaneous Stone
Inhibitory Factors
Ions (Citrate, magnesium and phospate)bond
with calcium and oxalate on soluble form
Organic
Non Organic
Flight Operations
Astronauts training & spaceflight
preparationlong periods in environment make
it difficult to void or intake fluid.
Aeromedical significance
Not only affect the individual (Astronauts) also
jeoperdise succes of the mission.
Problems are :
1.Potential forniceal rupture
2.Infectionurosepsis
3.Inability to maintain oral hydration due to the
ileus
The decrease of
urinary output and
also lower fluid
intake + increase of
workload schedule
CALCULUS
FORMATION >>
Matrix components
Uroproteins
Uromucoid
Glycosaminoglicans
Blood urea nitrogen
Electrolytes
Creatinine
Calcium
Uric acid
phosphorus
Inflight management of
Genitourinary Problems
Urethritis/Cystitid Infections
Pyelonephritis
Prostatitis
Bartholins glan infection
Epididymitis
Urinary Obstruction : Lower tract Infection,
BPH, uretheral stricture, divertikula, calculi and
trauma
Conclusions
Genitourinary issues remain important
considerations for human space missions
GU issues mostly caused by prolonged
microgravity on the human body
Prevent precipitation will be the key to
countermeasures renal stone forming
Imaging and minimaly invasive capability to
treat the stones important to develop for the
future flight
ATTENTION