Graphene roadmap and graphene

based composites
Emad Omrani

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Table of Contents
Section Name

Introduction
Properties of Graphene
Applications of Graphene
Composite materials
Gaps of the current state of art

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Graphene
two-dimensional single atomic carbon sheet
of sp2-bounded
synthesizing graphene in large quantities:
thermal evaporation of silicon
carbide
chemical vapor deposition (CVD)
of graphene on metal carbides or
metal surfaces
wet chemical synthesis of
graphene oxides followed by the
reduction

Graphite is stacked of several graphene

sheets along the c-axis with an interlayer
spacing of 0.34 nm.
The bonding between carbon atoms are
very strong while the there is weak Van
Der Waals interaction among the layers.

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Graphene
The graphene is categorized in three different
category based on the quality of the resulting
graphene
o Graphene or reduced graphene
oxide flakes for composite
materials, conductive paints, and
so on
o Planar graphene for lowerperformance active and nonactive devices
o Planar graphene for highperformance electronic devices

One reason that graphene

research has progressed so fast
is that the laboratory
procedures enabling us to
obtain high-quality graphene
are relatively simple and cheap.

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Properties of Graphene
Supreme Properties

Mechanical properties
Stiffness
Strength
Elasticity
high electrical conductivity
thermal conductivity

These extreme properties are

combined in one material means:
it eligible for various
applications
graphene could replace other
materials in existing applications.

While properties of graphene depend

quality
type of defects
substrate

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Properties of Graphene
MD simulations predict the mechanical
properties of single graphite layer
yielding of 0.912 TPa
Quantum mechanical approach elastic
modulus for armchair graphene and
zigzag graphene are 1.086 and 1.05 TPa,
respectively
Using nanoindentation of the atomic force
The Youngs modulus and intrinsic
tensile strength are1.02 TPa and 130 GPa,
respectively

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Application of Graphene

Electronic Devices
Flexible electronics
meets the electrical and optical requirements
(sheet resistance reaching 30V per square of
2D area in highly doped samples)
excellent transmittance of 97.7%per layer
fracture strain of graphene is ten times higher
indium tin oxide (ITO) is replaced with
garaphene
touch screen displays, e-paper (electronic
paper) and organic light-emitting diodes
(OLEDs)

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Application of Graphene
Photonics
Photodetectors
Optical modulator
Energy generation and storage
Solar cells
Lithium-ion batteries
Paints and coating
Conductive ink
Electromagnetic-interference shielding
Gas barrier coating
Corrosion barrier

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Application of Graphene

Composite materials

The previous studies focus on metal matrix and

polymer matrix composites to Manufacture:
Lightweight
high strength
Self-lubricating

In comparison with polymers, GNSbased MMCs have been little researched

because of the difficulty of exfoliating
the graphite flakes the as-synthesized
nanocomposites were nonuniform it
was difficult to obtain the graphenebased composites.

The mechanical properties of graphene reinforced

polymer composites are considerably below their
theoretically predicted potential because of
graphene sheet agglomeration

Additionally, the difficulty in large-scale

synthesis of these composites becomes an
obstacle in its application.
Another problem of graphene is poor
bonding formation between metal and
carbon sheet.

Another important factor is uniform distribution.

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Application of Graphene

Polymer matrix composite

Graphene-based polymer composites show superior:

Mechanical properties
Thermal properties
gas barrier
Electrical properties
flame retardant properties
compared to the neat polymers.

Carbon nanotubes (CNTs) show comparable mechanical

properties to graphene, still graphene is better nanofiller
than CNT in certain aspects such as thermal and electrical
conductivity.

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Polymer matrix composite

A mild ultrasonic treatment of graphite oxide in
water results in its exfoliation to form stable aqueous
dispersions

The quality of nanofiller dispersion

in the polymer matrix directly
correlates with its effectiveness for
improving mechanical, electrical,
thermal, impermeability and other
properties.

A typical AFM non-contact-mode image of graphite oxide sheets deposited onto a mica
substrate from an aqueous dispersion (inset) with superimposed cross section measurements
taken along the red line indicating a sheet thickness of 1 nm.

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Polymer matrix composite

Test results showed that heat treatment of such composites
to 300 C, well above the glass transition temperature of
polystyrene (100 C), does not result in agglomeration of the
graphene sheets (as assessed from extensive SEM imaging),
suggesting their thermal stability over a broad temperature
range.

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To obtain the true value of the conductivity of the

composites, a separate measurements of in-plane and
transverse resistances has been done. A rapid increase in the
direct current electrical conductivity of composite materials
takes place when the conductive filler forms an infinite
network of connected paths through the insulating matrix.

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Gaps of the current state of art

Investigate mechanical properties at
different graphene content

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Moving Forward as a Team

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