The inner (terrestrial) planets

Class 8-F
Group- G
Team members- Satrajit Chatterjee
(I am the only one in the group)
Team leader- Satrajit Chatterjee

The four inner planets are:

1.
2.
3.
4.

Mercury
Venus
Earth
Mars

Mercury
Mercury is the smallest planet in the Solar System. It is the
closest planet to the sun. It makes one trip around the Sun
once every 87.969 days. Mercury is one of four inner planets
in the Solar System, and has a rocky body like the Earth. It
has a radius of 2,439.7 km. Mercury is even smaller than
some of the largest moons in the solar system. However, it
has a greater mass than the largest moons in the solar
system. Mercury is made of about 70% metallic and 30%
silicate material. Mercury's density is the second highest in
the Solar System at 5.427 g/cm, only a little bit less than
Earths.

Venus
Venus is the second planet from the Sun. It is a
terrestrial planet because it has a solid, rocky surface.
Venus is sometimes called the sister planet of Earth as
they are quite similar in size and gravity. Venus'
atmosphere (air) is mostly carbon dioxide with clouds of
sulphuric acid. Venus has no oceans because it is much
too hot for water. Venus' surface is a dry desert. It is
about 80% smooth, rocky plains. Two highland
"continents" make up the rest of its surface area, one
lying in the planet's northern hemisphere and the other
just south of the equator.

Description of the other inner planets

Earth Our blue planet
The Earth is the third planet from the Sun and it is the only planet known to have life on it. The
Earth formed around 4.5 billion years ago. About 71% of the surface of the Earth is covered by
oceans. Because of this, it is sometimes called the "Blue Planet". The Earth is generally
150,000,000 kilometres or 93,000,000 miles away from the Sun (this distance is named an
"Astronomical Unit"). The Earth moves along its way at an average speed of about 30 km or 19
mi a second. The Earth turns all the way around about 365 times in the time it takes for the
Earth to go all the way around the Sun. The Earth is rocky. It is the largest of the rocky planets
moving around the Sun by mass and by size. The Earth's shape is a sphere that is a little
squashed on the top and bottom. All around the Earth is a large amount of air (the
"atmosphere"). The mass of the Earth pulls the gasses in the air down and does not let them go
into outer space. The air is mostly made of nitrogen (about 78%) and oxygen (about 21%) but
there are a few other gasses as well.

Mars
Mars is the fourth planet from the Sun in the Solar System and the second-smallest solid planet.
Mars is rocky and cold, with polar ice caps of frozen water and carbon dioxide. It has the largest
volcano in the Solar System, and some very large impact craters. Mars is named after the
mythological Roman god of war because it is a red planet, the colour of blood. Mars has two
small moons, called Phobos and Deimos. The planet Mars is made of rock. The ground there is
red because of iron oxide (rust) in the rocks and dust. The planet's atmosphere is very thin and
contains a lot of carbon dioxide and a very tiny amount of oxygen. The temperatures on Mars are
colder than on Earth, because it is farther away from the Sun and has less air to keep warmth in.
There is water ice and frozen carbon dioxide at the north and south poles. Mars does not have
any liquid water on the surface. Mars has a very thin atmosphere with barely any oxygen (it is
mostly carbon dioxide). It is believed there was once life on Mars, as traces of ice has been
found on its surface, apart from the poles.

THANK YOU