Candidiasis

Candidiasis
A primary or secondary mycotic infection caused
by members of the genus Candida. The clinical
manifestations may be acute, subacute or chronic
to episodic. Involvement may be localized to the
mouth, throat, skin, scalp, vagina, fingers, nails,
bronchi, lungs, or the gastrointestinal tract, or
become systemic as in septicaemia, endocarditis
and meningitis.

Distribution: World-wide.
Aetiological Agents:
Candida albicans C. glabrata,
C. tropicalis,
C. krusei.
C. parapsilosis,
C. guilliermondii
C. pseudotropicalis.
All are ubiquitous and occur naturally on
humans

Other Names

Candidiasis
Yeast Infection
Thrush

Cause

Fungal infection
Normally women have yeast in their
genital region
It becomes a problem when the yeast
grows to profusely

Symptoms
Itching
Burning
Soreness
Irritation

of Vulva

Diagnosis

Microscopic Examination

Under a Microscope

Treatment

Over the counter

vaginal creams

Oral Medication

It can go away on
its on

Diflucan (fluconazole) is an
antifungal medicine.
Diflucan is used to treat
infections caused by fungus,
which can invade any part of
the body including the mouth,
throat, esophagus, lungs,
bladder, genital area, and the
blood.
Diflucan is also used to
prevent fungal infection in
people with weak immune
systems caused
bycancertreatment,bone
marrow transplant, or
diseases such asAIDS.

Dosage and Administration in Adults

Single Dose
Vaginal

candidiasis
The recommended dosage of DIFLUCAN
for vaginal candidiasis is 150 mg as a
single oral dose.
Multiple

Dose
SINCE ORAL ABSORPTION IS RAPID AND
ALMOST COMPLETE, THE DAILY DOSE OF
DIFLUCAN (FLUCONAZOLE) IS THE SAME
FOR ORAL (TABLETS AND SUSPENSION)
AND INTRAVENOUS ADMINISTRATION.

Side Effects
Abdominal

or stomach pain

chills
clay-colored

stools

cough
dark

urine
diarrhea
difficulty with swallowing
dizziness
fast heartbeat
fever
general feeling of tiredness
or weakness
headache
hives, itching, or skin rash
light-colored stools
loss of appetite

large, hive-like swelling on

the face, eyelids, lips,
tongue, throat, hands, legs,
feet, or sex organs
nausea and vomiting
puffiness or swelling of
the eyelids or around the
eyes, face, lips, or tongue
stomach pain, continuing
tightness in the chest
unpleasant breath odor
unusual tiredness or
weakness
upper right abdominal or
stomach pain
vomiting of blood
yellow eyes and skin

Microscopic
Swab the infection
Place it on slide
Add a drop of
Potassium Hydroxide
The solution
dissolves the cells
but leaves the
Candida

Prognosis

Risk Factors
Diabetes

Birth Control
Pills

Steroids
Antibiotics

Candidiasis is
TREATABLE!!!
One should abstain
from sexual activity
until the infection
is cured

Preventing Candidiasis
Keeping

the area cool, dry, and clean

Dry off after shower or swimming
Change out of wet clothes
Wearing cotton underwear to allow
for better air circulation

Observe

standard precautions.
Provide a nonirritating mouthwash to loosen tenacious
secretions and a soft toothbrush to avoid irritation.
Relieve mouth discomfort with a topical anesthetic, such
as lidocaine at least 1 hour before meals.
Apply cornstarch, nystatin powder, or dry padding in
intertriginous areas of obese patients to prevent irritation
and candidal growth.
careinsertion
management
Record datesNursing
of I.V. catheter
and replace the
catheter according to hospitalpolicy toprevent phlebitis.
Provide appropriate supportive care for patients with
systemic infections.
Prepare to giveblood transfusionsif ordered and ifthe
patienthas low platelet count.

Frequently

check the vital signs of a patient with systemic

infection.
If you note a vaginal discharge, document the color and
amount.
Carefully monitor intake and output and potassium levels
whilethe patientis receiving medications.
Ifthe patienthas renal involvement, carefully monitor blood
urea nitrogen, serum creatinine, and urine
Assessthe patientwith candidiasis for underlying systemic
causes, such as diabetes mellitus, infection, or immune
dysfunction.
Demonstrate comprehensive oral hygiene practices, and
havethe patientperform a return demonstration.
Recommend thatthe patientuse alkaline mouth care
products because increased acidity promotes candidal growth.
Tellthe patientwhos using nystatin solution to swish it
around in his mouth for several minutes before swallowing.
Suggest a soft diet forthe patientwith severe dysphagia.